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A hemispherical, high-solid-angle optical micro-cavity for cavity-QED studies

Guoqiang Cui, J. M. Hannigan, R. Loeckenhoff, F. M. Matinaga, M. G. Raymer, S. Bhongale, M. Holland, S. Mosor, S. Chatterjee, H. M. Gibbs, and G. Khitrova

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Abstract

We report a novel hemispherical micro-cavity that is comprised of a planar integrated semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) mirror, and an external, concave micro-mirror having a radius of curvature 50μm. The integrated DBR mirror containing quantum dots (QD), is designed to locate the QDs at an antinode of the field in order to maximize the interaction between the QD and cavity. The concave micro-mirror, with high-reflectivity over a large solid-angle, creates a diffraction-limited (sub-micron) mode-waist at the planar mirror, leading to a large coupling constant between the cavity mode and QD. The half-monolithic design gives more spatial and spectral tuning abilities, relatively to fully monolithic structures. This unique micro-cavity design will potentially enable us to both reach the cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) strong coupling regime and realize the deterministic generation of single photons on demand.

©2006 Optical Society of America

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Figures (9)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Hemispherical cavity, comprised of a planar substrate and a concave glass surface with layer reflective coating (shown as grey region). The dashed lines approximate the 1/e intensity contours of the fundamental mode in the cavity and its continuation outside. The angular half-width of the mode is θC. The blow-up shows the DBR and the mode contours in the waist region. Typically the length L is 50μm, the depth d is 30μm and the waist diameter is 2w 0 = 1μm.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. (a) Melting borosilicate glass tubes to form nitrogen gas-bubbles in the glass and polishing the glass bulk into a 150μm-thick slide. (b) 40X pictures of a dimple. Diameter of the dimple = 200μm.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Measured sphericity of the dimple with a Wyko interferometer at the University of Arizona.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. (a) Measured PSD surface roughness for five dimples and (b) semiconductor DBR mirror and super dielectric mirror with a Wyko interferometer. The relevant length scale (indicated by the blue arrow) is about one micron because our unique cavity design yields a waist size at the DBR of this size.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. (a) Measured dimple-mirror transmission versus angle from the optical axis at the mode focus region. (b) The coated curved dimple is glued using index-matching optical adhesive to the face of a 100X immersion-microscope objective with NA=1.3.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Nano-scope spectral scans of different spatial locations on UA-grown sample, showing both spectrally and spatially well isolated single QD emission line (red circled) at low temperature in the 750–760 nm target region.

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Measured images of modes of 60μm micro-cavity. The modes are HG00, HG01, HG11 and LG01, from left to right, respectively.

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Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. 60μm cavity transmission spectra with QDs at antinode. The cavity finesse is about 50 at room temperature.

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Fig. 9.
Fig. 9. Numerical model for micro-cavity mode energy density, where the planar DBR structure is at the top and the curved mirror is in the lower half of the figure. The QD sits in a bright local maximum region in the first layer of the DBR. The results indicate that the mode waist is of the order of one wavelength.

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