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Nonlinear transmission of 1.5 µm pulses through single-mode silicon-on-insulator waveguide structures

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Abstract

An 80 MHz pulse train of ~100 fs optical pulses centred at ~1.5 µm is propagated through a variety of high-index-contrast silicon-on-insulator waveguide structures less than 1 mm long. All-optical power limiting and negative differential transmission, based only on the intrinsic nonlinear response of the untextured waveguides near 1.5 µm, are demonstrated for average in-guide power levels of ~1 mW. Superlinear transmission is observed in a textured silicon waveguide for power levels less than 20 µW.

©2004 Optical Society of America

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Figures (11)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Power transmission in single mode (full symbols) and multimode (open red triangles) waveguides. The multimode waveguide is 300 µm long and the lengths of the single mode waveguides change from 50 µm (top) to 1000 µm (bottom).
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Power transmission of an 800-µm-long single mode waveguide.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Pulse spectra of single mode (black lines) and multimode (red lines) waveguides at different intensities. Dashed lines indicate the centre wavenumbers of the pulses launched into the waveguide. Due to differences in the photonic crystal grating couplers, slightly different wavelengths were used for single mode (1.49 µm) and multimode waveguides (1.53 µm). The quoted intensities represent the peak intensities inside the waveguides as estimated from measurements of the coupling efficiencies and simulations of the mode profiles.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Pulse spectra as a function of input power after propagation through a 0.8-mm-long single mode waveguide. High power spectra are slightly scaled for better visibility of the line shape. On the right-hand side, the corresponding power transmission curve (red squares) is inserted (see Fig. 2 for power designations).
Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Pulse spectra at two different input powers after propagation through a 0.8-mm-long single mode waveguide. Dashed lines indicate a region that may be used for all-optical logic operations. Careful inspection of the transmission spectra suggests a simple method for increasing the contrast of negative differential transmission.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Transmission spectra through a 250-µm-long, 510-nm-wide (single mode) waveguide with 100-µm-long adiabatic input and output tapers connecting to 325-µm-long, 3-µm-wide multimode guides at either end.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Transmission at 6575 cm-1 taken directly from the spectra presented in Fig. 6.
Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. Top: Schematic of the resonator. The Bragg grating written into the single mode section of the waveguide is partly covered with photoresist forming a cavity in the center of the waveguide. Bottom left: Microscope image (top view) of two waveguides covered with photoresist. Horizontal trenches limiting the width of the guides appear dark green. A vertical trench of photoresist is removed from the center part of the grating forming a micro-cavity. Bottom right: Microscope image of the Bragg grating before coating with photoresist.
Fig. 9.
Fig. 9. Low power (linear) spectrum of resonator modes and band edge.
Fig. 10.
Fig. 10. Transmission spectra of the resonator with increasing in-guide power (bottom to top) up to ~50 µW. The input centre-wavelength coincides with the mode at 6771 cm-1.
Fig. 11.
Fig. 11. Power transmitted through the 6592 cm-1 resonance. The average power inside the waveguide is in the range (0-50) µW. The input center wavelength is at 6771 cm-1.
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