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Visualization of laser-induced breakdown and ignition

Ying-Ling Chen and J. W. L. Lewis

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

Laser-induced gas breakdown and ignition of atmospheric pressure NH3/O2 mixtures are investigated. The nanosecond-pulsed, 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser is used to create the cascade-type optical breakdown. The post-breakdown plasma and ignition are studied using spectroscopic techniques that include spontaneous emission and NH planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF). These time-resolved two-dimensional images provide not only radiative and gas dynamic information but also the space-time loci of the temperature and transient species concentrations. The results provide an understanding of the plasma kernel dynamics and the flame development that is essential to verify on-going simulation modeling of laser-ignition.

©2001 Optical Society of America

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Figures (9)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. mole fractions of species across the flame front of ammonia/oxygen combustion. Calculation were performed using Sandia Chemkin code [23]

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. calculation results of the 1-dimensional free propagate ammonia/oxygen flame (a): flame temperature (×1000 K), mass density (×3×10-4g/cm3), and NH mole fraction (×10-3) across the stoichiometric NH3/O2 flame-front. (b): flame speed vs. fuel/oxidant equivalence ratio of premixed ammonia/oxygen flame

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Experiment geometry of PLIF, B.S.=beam splitter, E1 and E2=energy meter, M=mirror, Pol.=polarizer, B.E.=beam expander, L=lens, C.L.=cylindrical lens

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Synthetic spectra of NH(A-X), OH(A-X) and N2 (2nd positive), and relative transmissions of narrow band-pass filter for NH(A-X) PLIF experiment, broad band-pass filter for NH temperature experiment, and 1-D OMA for excitation-scan experiment

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Images of NH (A-X) spontaneous emission in laser-induced ammonia breakdown. Nd:YAG laser was incident from the left of each image. Each time-resolved image size: 4 mm×4 mm

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Images of NH (A-X) planar laser-induced fluorescence in (a) laser-induced ammonia breakdown, (b) laser-induced ammonia/oxygen ignition, images scale: 4 mm×4 mm for all except the last 2 images, 4 mm×6 mm.

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. NH excitation spectra in atmospheric-pressure laser-induced ammonia breakdown

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Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. . Images of laser-induced breakdown recorded at 3, 5, 10 and 20 µsec after breakdowns were initialed. Nd:YAG laser pulse energy=32 mJ, (a) time-resolved temperature images, (b) NH concentration images, dotted contour lines show the location where NH concentration equals to 50 % of the peak value. Image side: 4.42 mm by 4.42 mm.

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Fig. 9.
Fig. 9. The Boltzmann plot of a single pixel in 2-dimmensional temperature measurement

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Tables (1)

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Table 1. Parameters used in the laser-induced fluorescence thermometry

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