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High-sensitivity pulse spectrogram measurement using two-photon absorption in a semiconductor at 1.5-µm wavelength

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Abstract

A femtosecond pulse characterization technique is developed using frequency-resolved optical gating based on the two-photon absorption in an InP crystal. The technique provides direct visual monitoring of pulse frequency chirping in the time-spectral domain for femtosecond pulses with a pulse energy as low as 3.8 pJ. Pulse chirping and pedestal wings of 10-GHz optical fiber solitons are characterized experimentally for the first time by this technique.

©2000 Optical Society of America

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Figures (7)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Apparatus for TPA autocorrelation and spectrogram measurements.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Left: TPA autocorrelation traces with different incident pulse energies. Right: pulse energy dependence of the TPA peak intensity from the autocorrelation traces (red dots) and a theoretical curve in the weak absorption limit (blue curve).
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. TPA autocorrelation trace for transform-limit OPO pulses with gate and probe pulse energies of 100 and 1 pJ, respectively.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. TPA pulse intensity spectrograms for OPO pulses with a negative, zero and a positive group delay dispersion.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Pulse intensity (red dots) and phase shift (blue dots) data retrieved from the TPA spectrograms for the OPO pulses in Fig. 4.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Time-integrated spectrum (left) and TPA pulse intensity spectrogram (right) of 10-GHz optical fiber soliton pulses. Inset: a set-up for the soliton pulse generation.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. The retrieved and theoretical intensity (red dots) and phase of the soliton pulses (blue dots). Inset: theoretical intensity of the pulses in a magnified scale.

Equations (3)

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I ( d ) = I 0 ( 1 + I 0 β d ) .
Δ I ( d ) = ( 4 W pulse π D 2 τ pulse ) 2 β d ,
S TPA ( ω , τ ) = + d t E ( t ) E ( t τ ) 2 e i ω t 2 ,
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