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Bending-induced colouring in a photonic crystal fibre

Martijn A. van Eijkelenborg, John Canning, Tom Ryan, and Katja Lyytikainen

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

A photonic crystal fibre has been fabricated with a photonic crystal that is surrounded by a number of silica cores. Bending of the fibre induces an interaction between the core and photonic crystal areas, resulting in a highly wavelength-dependent loss of the core modes. White-light transmission experiments are presented which show that the colour of the transmitted light changes as a function of the fibre-bending radius. We compare the results to a simple model and find agreement.

©2000 Optical Society of America

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Figures (6)
Fig.1.
Fig.1. Optical micrograph of the cross section of the fibre with five cores near the edge, surrounding a photonic crystal area in the centre. The fibre diameter is 147 µm.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. a) and b) show coloured transmission through the five cores when a white light source is launched into the fibre. The two pictures show different colours in the different cores as a result of the different fibre bending radius. c) and d) show the coloured transmission through the central region (overexposing cores 2 and 3 to allow the low intensity of the light in the centre to become visible).

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. a) Model of the fibre with a core at a distance L from a photonic crystal area with an air hole spacing Λ. b) side-view of the fibre when bent at a radius R. The red dashed lines indicate the wavelength for which the guiding is enhanced by satisfying the Bragg condition.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Wavelength λB of the light that experiences the lowest loss plotted as a function of the bending radius. The curves have been calculated from Eq. (1), with the parameters corresponding to core 4: L=13.4 µm, neff=1.43, and Λ=6.7 µm.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. The transmission through core 4 changes colour as the fibre is bent further, starting with white in a) for an ‘unbent’ fibre and ending with green in f) for the tightest bending radius (R~1 cm).

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Spectrum of the transmission through the bent fibre corresponding to the case of red transmission as in Fig 5 d).

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Equations (1)

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λ B = 2 n eff Λ m ( L + R ) ( L 2 + 2 LR ) 1 ⁄ 2 .
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