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On-line optical imaging of the human brain with 160-ms temporal resolution

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Abstract

We have developed an instrument for non-invasive optical imaging of the human brain that produces on-line images with a temporal resolution of 160 ms. The imaged quantities are the temporal changes in cerebral oxy-hemoglobin and deoxy-hemoglobin concentrations. We report real-time videos of the arterial pulsation and motor activation recorded on a 4×9 cm2 area of the cerebral cortex in a healthy human subject. This approach to optical brain imaging is a powerful tool for the investigation of the spatial and temporal features of the optical signals collected on the brain.

©2000 Optical Society of America

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Figures (5)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Geometrical arrangement of the sixteen source optical fibers and two detector fiber bundles on the head of a human subject. Each one of the eight closed circles (numbered 1–8) represents one pair of source fibers at 758 and 830 nm. The two open circles (labeled as A and B) represent the two detector fiber bundles. The rectangle inside the head is the 4×9 cm2 imaged area. The measurement protocol involves hand-tapping with the right hand (contralateral to the imaged brain area). The 10-s tapping periods are indicated by the blue bars in the temporal diagram. The video displays the real-time evolution of the relative deoxy-hemoglobin concentration (D[Hb]) map during the hand-tapping protocol, as well as the temporal traces from two representative source-detector pairs (1A and 6B). Duration of the animated gif video: 87 s; file size: 849 kB.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Backprojection scheme used to generate the optical maps. The pixel size is 0.5×0.5 cm2 The numbers in each pixel indicate the corresponding source location, while their colors indicate the detector (red for detector A, blue for detector B). Two or three numbers in one pixel indicate a linear interpolation of the corresponding readings. If one reading has a higher weight, it is indicated in boldface.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. (a) Oxy-hemoglobin optical maps of the brain over two heartbeat periods during baseline acquisition. The acquisition time is 160 ms. The traces next to each image are the pulsation readings from the pulse oximeter on a toe of the subject. (b) Real-time video of the spatial map of relative oxy-hemoglobin concentration during baseline (from t=21.5 s to t=36.5 s). The duration of the quicktime video is 15 s and the file size is 301 kB.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Maps of oxy-hemoglobin (left panels) and deoxy-hemoglobin (right panels) changes at rest (top) and at the time of maximum response during the third tapping period (bottom). The top figure is a video of Δ[HbO2] (left panel) and Δ[Hb] (right panel) during three successive rest/tapping periods. Note that the color scales for Δ[HbO2] and Δ[Hb] are inverted (in the oxy-hemoglobin map, darker means an increase in concentration, while in the deoxy-hemoglobin map it means a decrease in concentration). This is done to produce the same visual effect for the opposite behavior of the two species during motor stimulation. The quicktime video duration is 86 s and the file size is 2,257 kB.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. (a) Oxy-hemoglobin and and (b) deoxy-hemoglobin concentration traces recorded with source-detector pairs 6B and 1A during the three rest/tapping periods shown in the videos of Figs. 1 and 4. The blue bars indicate the tapping periods. Panel (a) also shows the optical signal recorded by the pulse oximeter on a toe of the subject. (c) Geometrical arrangement of the optical probe with the indication of the zones probed by source-detector pairs 6B and 1A (see also Fig. 2).
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