Fig. 1. Bubble-stratus layer generated by breaking waves. Bubble population is continually replenished by wave activity (breaking waves at the surface) leading eventually to semi-homogeneous layer.

Fig. 2. Average cosine for downwelling radiation $\overline{\mu }$ _d (z) for (1) “infinitely” deep homogeneous ocean composed of CDOM, pure water, and particulates corresponding to chl=10mgm^-3 (triangles); (2) “infinitely” deep homogeneous ocean with bubbles (cubes); (3) two-layer system composed of background CDOM, water, and particulates and 2m layer of submerged bubbles close to the surface (circles).

Fig. 3. Same as 2 but for the average cosine $\overline{\mu }$ (z).