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Non-invasive optical mapping of the piglet brain in real time

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Abstract

We have performed non-invasive, real-time optical mapping of the piglet brain during a subcortical injection of autologous blood. The time resolution of the optical maps is 192 ms, thus allowing us to generate a real-time video of the growing subcortical hematoma. The increased absorption at the site of blood injection is accompanied by a decreased absorption at the contralateral brain side. This contralateral decrease in the optical absorption and the corresponding time traces of the cerebral hemoglobin parameters are consistent with a reduced cerebral blood flow caused by the increased intracranial pressure.

©1999 Optical Society of America

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Supplementary Material (1)

Media 1: MOV (777 KB)     

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Figures (3)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Geometrical arrangement of the source fibers (at 758 and 830 nm) and the detector fibers in the imaging probe (panel (a)) and in the spectroscopy probe (panel (c)) on the piglet head. The injection site at the piglet head is also shown. Panel (b) gives the 2-D backprojection scheme used to generate the optical maps. Pixel size is 0.5×0.5 cm2. The numbers in each pixel (1–8) refer to a source location, while the letters (a,b) refer to a detector location (see panel (a)). For instance, the pixels labeled 8a are determined by the readings of the source-detector pair 8a, whereas the pixels labeled 7,6a are determined by the average of the readings of source-detector pairs 6a and 7a. Note the exchange of the right and left sides in panel (b) (backprojected optical image of the brain) with respect to panels (a) and (c) (top view of the piglet head).
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. (a) Baseline optical map of the piglet brain showing the right anterior (RA), left anterior (LA), right posterior (RP), and left posterior (LP) quadrants. (b) Optical map showing the changes in the effective absorption coefficient (Δμ a ) at 830 nm caused by a subcortical injection of 2 cc of autologous blood in the left anterior (LA) quadrant. (c) Initial frame of a real-time video of the subcortical hemorrhage as optically measured non-invasively (brain_map.mov: 777 kB). The superimposed photograph of a slice of the piglet brain gives a qualitative spatial reference for the optical map. The temporal bar indicates the succession of the events during the video. Saline: start of the 0.3 cc saline injection. Blood: start of the continuous injection of 2 cc of autologous blood (the amount of injected blood is updated every 0.5 cc). The quantitative gray-level bar for Δμ a refers to all three panels.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Time traces of cerebral hemoglobin parameters before, during, and after a 2 cc subcortical saline injection in the contralateral side of the brain (see Fig. 1(c) for the position of the optical probe relative to the injection site). (a) oxy-hemoglobin ([HbO2]), deoxy-hemoglobin ([Hb]), and total hemoglobin (THC) concentrations. (b) Cerebral hemoglobin saturation (Y).
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