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Polarized wavelength-dependent measurements of turbid media

T. M. Johnson and J. R. Mourant

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

Wavelength-dependent, polarized, elastic-scatter spectra of tissue phantoms and in vitro tissue are presented. These measurements are shown to be sensitive to very small changes in composition of the scattering medium. A simple physical explanation of the wavelength-dependent polarization phenomena observed for media consisting only of spherical particles is given and the relevance of wavelength-dependent, polarized, elastic-scatter spectra to in vivo applications is discussed.

©1999 Optical Society of America

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Figures (10)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. End view of the fibers in the measurement probe showing the orientation of the collection fibers (labeled 1-4) with respect to the light polarization passed by the polarizer placed on the end of the probe.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Polarization ratios for several suspensions of polystyrene spheres. The area under the curve between 500 and 750 nm was made equal for all traces on the graph.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Polarization ratios for several suspensions of polystyrene spheres. The area under the curve between 965 and 1000 nm was set equal to 1 for all curves.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Unpolarized measurements of similar polystyrene sphere suspensions. The data has been normalized from 500 to 700 nm.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Demonstration that R(λ) is only weakly affected by absorption.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Polarization images of chicken liver obtained with a) parallel polarizers and b) perpendicular polarizers in the delivery and light collection beam paths. The diameter of the imaged tissue is 0.93 cm. 3.2 Measurements of in vitro tissue

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Polarization ratio, R(λ), for chicken liver and chicken breast.

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Fig. 8
Fig. 8 Polarization phase functions for a) a 1.0 μm radius sphere and b) a 0.01 μm radius sphere.

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Fig. 9.
Fig. 9. Phase functions for 0.505 μm diameter spheres at 650 nm.

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Fig. 10.
Fig. 10. Comparison of model and data for the polarization ratio.

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Tables (1)

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Table 1. Percent change in signal over a specified wavelength range upon addition of small quantities of 8.1 μm diameter spheres to a suspension of 0.505 μm diameter spheres.

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Equations (3)

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R ( λ ) = I 1 ( λ ) + I 3 ( λ ) I 2 ( λ ) + I 4 ( λ )
C 1 + C 2 μ s ∫ θ 1 θ 2 P ⊥ ( λ , θ ) dθ
R ( λ ) = C + ∫ θ 1 θ 2 P ⊥ ( λ , θ ) dθ C + ∫ θ 1 θ 2 P ∥ ( λ , θ ) dθ
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