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Sensing lesions in tissues with light

S. K. Gayen and R. R. Alfano

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

The use of light for probing and imaging of biomedical media offers the promise for development of safe, noninvasive, and inexpensive clinical imaging modalities with diagnostic ability. Various properties of light together with the ways it interacts with biological tissues may provide ‘multiple windows’ to peer inside body organs. Principles and methods for extraction of information about body functions and lesions that capitalize on temporal, spectral, polarization, and spatial characteristics of transmitted light are briefly outlined. As illustrations of the potential and efficacy of light-based techniques, time-sliced and spectroscopic images of normal and cancerous human breast tissues recorded with a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser and a broadly tunable Cr:forsterite laser, respectively, are presented.

©1999 Optical Society of America

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Figures (2)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Time-sliced 2D images (left) of a 25mmx9mmx5mm breast tissue sample with normal and cancerous components for gate positions of 25 ps and 275 ps. Spatial intensity profiles integrated along the same horizontal area are shown in the respective frames to the right. A schematic diagram of the sample is shown in the top left frame. The zero position was taken to be the time of arrival of the light pulse through a 5-mm thick glass cell filled with water.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Spectroscopic 2D images (left frames) of a 28mmx12mmx10mm normal human breast tissue comprising fibrous (F) and adipose (A) components recorded with (a) 1225 nm and (b) 1285 nm light. Spatial intensity profiles of the images integrated over the same vertical area are shown in the respective frames to the right.

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