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Efficient coupling and field enhancement for the nano-scale: plasmonic needle

Alexander Normatov, Pavel Ginzburg, Nikolai Berkovitch, Gilad M. Lerman, Avner Yanai, Uriel Levy, and Meir Orenstein

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

Theoretical demonstration of efficient coupling and power concentration of radially-polarized light on a conical tip of plasmonic needle is presented. The metallic needle is grown at the center of radial plasmonic grating, engraved in a metal surface. The electromagnetic field distribution was evaluated by Finite Elements and Finite-Difference-Time-Domain methods. The results show that the field on the tip of the needle is significantly enhanced compared to the field impinging on the grating. The power enhancement exhibited a resonant behavior as a function of needle length and reached values of ~104. Test samples for few types of characterization schemes were fabricated.

©2010 Optical Society of America

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Figures (7)
Fig. 1
Fig. 1 (a) The schematics of the structure proposed for efficient coupling of radially-polarized light to plasmonic needle apex (b) SEM image of a fabricated device (grooves were etched here down to the substrate for visual clarity, while in the actual device they were only slightly etched); upper inset: zoom on the needle; bottom inset: variety of grown needles

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Total field amplitude of a converging circular plasmonic wave on a flat gold substrate coupled to a needle. Red arrows indicate the direction of the Poynting vector.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 The height-optimized structure design, implemented for free space wavelength of 1.55μm

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Normalized value of the electric field components is shown for the height-optimized needle. (a) The Er field; (b) The Ez field.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 Ez field enhancement at the needle tip as a function of needle height for λ0 = 1550nm.

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Fig. 6
Fig. 6 Field distribution cross section corresponding to the local maxima of Fig. 5. For visualization, the relative field values are shown as log(|Etot|/|Eref| + 1) (a) at 300nm (b) at 950nm (c) at 1670nm.

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Fig. 7
Fig. 7 Field distribution for 950nm high tip. (a) transverse field excited by linear polarization illumination (b) longitudinal field obtained by linear polarization illumination (c) transverse field by radial polarization illumination (d) longitudinal field by radial polarization illumination. The color scaling of (b) and (d) is normalized and for (a) and (c) is proportional to (b) and (d) respectively.

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Equations (1)

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4 π h / λ a v g + θ 1 + θ 2 = 2 π N
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