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Nonlinearity of optimized silicon photonic slot waveguides

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Abstract

In this numerical study, we show that by exploiting the advantages of the horizontal silicon slot waveguide structure the nonlinear interaction can be significantly increased compared to vertical slot waveguides. The deposition of a 20 nm thin optically nonlinear layer with low refractive index sandwiched between two silicon wires of 220 nm width and 205 nm height could enable a nonlinearity coefficient γ of more than 2 × 107 W-1km-1.

©2009 Optical Society of America

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Figures (4)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Cross sections of the three investigated implementations of slot waveguides filled and/or covered with a low index optically nonlinear material: (a) vertical slot waveguide, (b) and (c) horizontal slot waveguides.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. (a) Cross section of a horizontal slot waveguide slab system and intensity profile of the TM mode; (b) optical power in the optically nonlinear slot region and effective area as a function of the silicon layer thickness for different slot thicknesses, and (c) as a function of the slot thickness at a constant silicon layer thickness of 160 nm. The dashed lines in (b) and (c) represent the low index approximation as used in [10].
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Dependence of the minimum achievable effective area on the slot thickness s for different refractive indices of the nonlinear material in (a) a vertical slot waveguide completely covered with the nonlinear material, (b) a horizontal slot waveguide filled and covered with the nonlinear material, and (c) a horizontal slot waveguide filled with the nonlinear material and covered with air. At each point, the geometry is optimized with respect to the parameters h and w such that a minimum effective area is obtained. The corresponding values of the optimized geometry parameters are plotted in (d)-(f). The results in (a) and (d) for slot thicknesses s > 50 nm match with those published in [4].
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. (a) Dependence of the minimum achievable effective area in a horizontal slot waveguide on the width w for different refractive indices of the nonlinear material filled in the slot region. The upper cladding is air. At each point, the geometry is optimized with respect to the waveguide height h and slot thickness s. The corresponding values of the optimized geometry parameters are plotted in (b).

Equations (1)

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Aeff=Z02nNL2 DtotalRe[(x,y)×*(x,y)]·ezdxdy2DNL(x,y)4dxdy
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