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Optimizing the usable bandwidth and loss through core design in realistic hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers

R. Amezcua-Correa, N. G. R. Broderick, M. N. Petrovich, F. Poletti, and D. J. Richardson

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

The operational bandwidth of hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers (PBGFs) is drastically affected by interactions between the fundamental core mode and surface modes guided at the core-cladding interface. By systematically studying realistic hollow-core PBGFs we identify a new design regime robust in eliminating the presence of surface modes. We present new fiber designs with a fundamental core mode free of anticrossings with surface modes at all wavelengths within the bandgap, allowing for a low-loss operational bandwidth of ~ 17% of the central gap wavelength.

©2006 Optical Society of America

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Supplementary Material (1)

Media 1: AVI (312 KB)     

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Figures (9)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. (a) Cross section of a modeled PBGF with d/ʌ = 0.95, dc /ʌ = 0.55, dp /ʌ = 0.317 and tr /(ʌ-d) = 1, (b) geometric parameters used to define the structure.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. (a) and (c) SEM images of hollow-core PBGFs fabricated at our facilities with compressed and expanded cores respectively. (b) and (c) modeled structures that resemble the fibers, with parameters d/ʌ = 0.95, dc /ʌ = 0.55, dp /ʌ = 0.317, normalized ring thickness T = 1, and expansion coefficient of -6.33% for (b) and +6.33% for (d).

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. (a) Effective index of modes (blue for FM and red for SM). (b) Fraction of core-confined energy of the FM (blue) and factor F (black) of the FM vs. wavelength for a fiber with T = 1 and E = 0. Plots of the axial Poynting vector: (i), (ii), and (iii) are of the FM “far” from the anticrossing, at the anticrossing point and near the long wavelength bandgap edge respectively, and (iv) is for the SM.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. (a) Fraction of core-confined energy and (b) factor F of the fundamental core mode vs. normalized ring thickness and vs. wavelength, for fibers with E = 0.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Dispersion curves of the fundamental mode (solid lines) and surface modes (dashed lines) for fibers with (a) T = 0.175 and 0.4, (b) T = 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7. Insets are mode profiles of the surface modes located by arrows. (c) Factor F of the FM vs. wavelength for fibers with T = 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. (a) Operational bandwidth normalized with respect to the central gap wavelength λc = 2.05 μm, and (b) normalized with respect to the bandgap width measured at the airline, equal to 330 nm.

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. (blue) Maximum of the core-confined energy and (black) minimum F factor of the fundamental core mode vs. normalized ring thickness.

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Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. (Movie 312 KB) The movie in (a) shows contour maps of the percentage of power in the core of the fundamental air-guided mode as the core is enlarged. Contour maps of fraction of power in the core of the FM for fibers with the (a) smallest and (b) largest core analyzed, E = ±6.33%.

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Fig. 9.
Fig. 9. (a) Maximum of the core-confined energy, (b) minimum Fʌ, and (c) operational bandwidth normalized with respect to the center of the bandgap λc = 2.05 μm vs. normalized core thickness for E = ±6.33%,±3.16% and 0.

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Equations (3)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

E = Rc 2 ʌ − ʌ − d 2 − 1
T = t r ʌ − d
F = ( ε 0 μ 0 ) 1 / 2 ∮ holeperimeters dl ∣ E ∣ 2 ∫ cross − sec tion dA ∣ E × H * ∣ · Z ̂ ,
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