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Modeling of silica nanowires for optical sensing

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Abstract

Based on evanescent-wave guiding properties of nanowire waveguides, we propose to use single-mode subwavelength-diameter silica nanowires for optical sensing. Phase shift of the guided mode caused by index change is obtained by solving Maxwell’s equation, and is used as a criterion for sensitivity estimation. Nanowire sensor employing a wire-assembled Mach-Zehnder structure is modeled. The result shows that optical nanowires, especially those fabricated by taper drawing of optical fibers, are promising for developing miniaturized optical sensors with high sensitivity.

©2005 Optical Society of America

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Figures (5)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. z-components of the Poynting vectors (Sz ) of the HE11 mode of a (a) 200- and (b) 400-nm diameter silica wires at 325-nm wavelength
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Fractional power of the fundamental mode outside the core of silica nanowires at 325-and 650-nm wavelength. Dashed lines: single-mode cutoff diameters.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of (a) a silica nanowire sensing element and (b) a proposed sensor with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Changes in propagation constant (Δβ) as a function of molar concentration (C) of the specimen.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of (a) a silica nanowire for selective sensing and (b) a cross section view of the composite waveguide.

Equations (5)

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V = π ( n 1 2 n 2 2 ) 1 2 D λ 0 < 2.405
{ J 1 ' ( U ) U J 1 ( U ) + K 1 ' ( W ) W K 1 ( W ) } { J 1 ' ( U ) U J 1 ( U ) + n 2 2 K 1 ' ( W ) n 1 2 W K 1 ( W ) } = ( v β k n 1 ) 2 ( V U W ) 4
Δ Φ = ( β β 0 ) · L = Δ β · L
n C = n C 0 · ( 1 C ) + n s · C
S N = 1 L . d ( Δ Φ ) d n C .
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