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Hybrid InGaAsP-InP Mach-Zehnder Racetrack Resonator for Thermooptic Switching and Coupling Control

William M. J. Green, Reginald K. Lee, Guy A. DeRose, Axel Scherer, and Amnon Yariv

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

An InGaAsP-InP optical switch geometry based on electrical control of waveguide-resonator coupling is demonstrated. Thermooptic tuning of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer integrated with a racetrack resonator is shown to result in switching with ON-OFF contrast up to 18.5 dB. The optical characteristics of this unique design enable a substantial reduction of the switching power, to a value of 26 mW in comparison with 40 mW for a conventional Mach-Zehnder interferometer switch. Modulation response measurements reveal a 3 dB bandwidth of 400 kHz and a rise time of 1.8 µs, comparing favorably with current state-of-the-art thermooptic switches.

©2005 Optical Society of America

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Figures (5)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Hybrid MZI/racetrack resonator switch schematic drawings. (a) Illustration of relevant electric field components and relative phase between arms of MZI. (b) Illustration of the device geometry as fabricated (not to scale). The planar fabrication process utilized requires that the output waveguides of the MZI be uncrossed, in contrast to the crossed configuration shown in (a).

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Comparison of the on-resonance normalized transmission through the hybrid MZI/racetrack resonator switch with α=0.99, with the transmission through a conventional MZI. The hybrid device switches ON-OFF with a fraction of the π phase shift required for the conventional MZI.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Normalized transmission illustrating the behavior of a single racetrack resonance as the MZI is tuned. The electrical power dissipated in a single MZI electrode appears in the legend. (a) TE polarized input, maximum contrast ~12 dB, switching power ~26 mW. (b) TM polarized input, maximum contrast ~18.5 dB, switching power ~29 mW.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Normalized transmission as a function of differential electrical power, for TE-polarized input. Square-marker data and dash-dotted guide-line represent on-resonance transmission. Circle-marker data and dashed guide-line indicate off-resonance transmission. Guide-lines are theoretical plots for α=0.50 and ΔPπ =39 mW.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. (a) Frequency domain modulation response, showing 3 dB small-signal bandwidth of 400 kHz. (b) Temporal response of normalized optical transmission to a 10 µs voltage pulse, showing a rise/fall time of ~1.8 µs.

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Equations (7)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

[ b 1 b 2 ] = [ t κ κ * − t * ] [ a 1 a 2 ] = i [ cos ( Δ ϕ ⁄ 2 ) − sin ( Δ ϕ ⁄ 2 ) sin ( Δ ϕ ⁄ 2 ) cos ( Δ ϕ ⁄ 2 ) ] [ a 1 a 2 ]
a 2 = α e i θ b 2
P out P in = ∣ b 1 a 1 ∣ 2 = α 2 + cos 2 ( Δ ϕ ⁄ 2 ) − 2 α ∣ cos ( Δ ϕ ⁄ 2 ) ∣ cos ( θ ) 1 + α 2 cos 2 ( Δ ϕ ⁄ 2 ) − 2 α ∣ cos ( Δ ϕ ⁄ 2 ) ∣ cos ( θ )
P out P in = ∣ b 1 a 1 ∣ 2 = [ α − ∣ cos ( Δ ϕ ⁄ 2 ) ∣ ] 2 [ 1 − α ∣ cos ( Δ ϕ ⁄ 2 ) ∣ ] 2 .
Δ ϕ = π Δ P π Δ P e
Δ P c r Δ P π = 2 cos − 1 ( α ) π
Δ ϕ = 2 π L e λ d n e f f d T Δ T = 2 π L e λ d n e f f d T Z T Δ P e ,
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