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Experimental investigation of the polarization properties of a hollow core photonic bandgap fiber for 1550 nm

Mark Wegmuller, Matthieu Legré, Nicolas Gisin, Theis P. Hansen, Christian Jakobsen, and Jes Broeng

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

The properties of a hollow core photonic bandgap fiber designed for 1.55 um transmission are investigated with special emphasis on polarization issues. Large and strongly wavelength dependent phase and group delays are found. At the same time the principle states of polarization move strongly and erratically as a function of wavelength, leading to strong mode coupling. Wavelength regions with high polarization dependent loss coincide with depolarization due to a polarization dependent coupling to surface modes at these wavelengths.

©2005 Optical Society of America

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Figures (11)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. SEM pictures of a typical cross-section of the investigated HC-PBGF.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Measured overall insertion loss (including SMF pigtails on both sides of the HC-PBGF).

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Distributed reflectivity along 50 m long HC-PBGF (blue). Green curve, reflection of an SMF fiber of similar length (slightly shifted in distance for better comparison) and reflectivity (not shifted). Ghost is a measurement artefact (the reflective peak at the entry of the HC-PBGF takes the role of the local oscillator, see [23] for details).

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Measured PDL for 50 m long HC-PBGF, as a function of wavelength.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Measured mode-fields (contour lines) for some selected wavelengths at the exit of the 50 m long HC-PBGF, on top of the HC-PBGF structure.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. DOP (blue) and total (polarized and unpolarized) transmitted power S0 (light gray, raw data; red, adjacent averaging) at 1480 nm as a function of the arbitrarily varied launch polarization. Measurements are rearranged for increasing DOP.

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Typical power spectral density (psd) of backscattered OFDR signal power after linear polarizer.

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Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. Interferometric PMD traces for 50 m long HC-PBGF, using an LED centered at 1542.5 nm. Green, no HC-PBGF; blue, depolarized LED; red, polarized LED.

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Fig. 9.
Fig. 9. Differential group delay after the 50 m long HC-PBGF, as a function of wavelength, using JME (left). Phase delay (blue) and ratio of group to phase delay (black) as a function of wavelength (right).

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Fig. 10.
Fig. 10. Evolution of the output polarization state as a function of wavelength for the HC-PBGF (left) and a PCF with similar birefringence (right).

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Fig. 11.
Fig. 11. Mean difference in the PSP direction (on the Poincaré sphere) for two different wavelength separations, as a function of wavelength. Also shown is the differential group delay for easy comparison. Both sets of data are for 50 m long HC-PBGF.

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