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Polarization characteristics of a reflective erbium doped fiber amplifier with temperature changes at the Faraday rotator mirror

M. Angeles Quintela, José Miguel López-Higuera, and César Jáuregui

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

The temperature dependence of a Faraday rotator mirror (FRM) used in a reflective erbium doped fiber amplifier(R-EDFA) is reported in this paper. The influence of this dependence on the polarization state (PS) of amplified optical signals is also discussed.

©2005 Optical Society of America

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Figures (6)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. General measurement set-up used in this research work.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Minimum extinction ratio for two FRM’s: YIG(solid blue line) and BIG (dotted red line) as a function of the temperature deviation from the one at which the Faraday rotator was adjusted to 45°.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Evolution of the PS of the amplified signal for a FRM temperature of 30°C (blue surface) and for a FRM temperature of 65°C (red surface). S is the area drawn on the Poincaré sphere by the changing PS in 30 seconds.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. PS variance as a function of FRM temperature. This PS variance quantify the change of the PS of the output optical signal.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Evolution of the PS of the amplified signal with perturbations applied to the EDF-coil: a) at a FRM temperature of 30°C, b) at a FRM temperature of 65°C.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. (a) PS variance as a function of FRM temperature when the EDF was perturbed. (b) Illustration of the EDF coil deformation mechanism used to induce linear birefringence changes

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Equations (15)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

T F = g [ a b − b * a * ]
T B = g [ a b * − b a * ]
T FRM = γ [ sin 2 Δ ϑ − cos 2 Δ ϑ − cos 2 Δ ϑ − sin 2 Δ ϑ ]
T 12 = γ c [ 0 − β * β 0 ]
T 23 = γ c [ − β * 0 0 β ]
T R _ EDFA = T 23 · T B · T FRM · T F · T 12
T R _ EDFA = g 2 γ γ c 2 cos ( 2 Δ ϑ ) T U + g 2 γ γ c 2 sin ( 2 Δ ϑ ) T M
T U = [ 1 0 0 1 ]
T M = [ p q − q − p ]
r = E ∥ E ⊥ ∣ cos ( 2 Δ ϑ ) + u sin ( 2 Δ ϑ ) ∣ 2 ∣ v sin ( 2 Δ ϑ ) ∣ 2
u = ( T M E → ∥ · E → ∥ )
v = ( T M E → ∥ · E → ⊥ )
r min = 1 [ tan ( 2 Δ ϑ ) ] 2
σ AZI 2 = 1 N · ∑ i = 1 N ( x i − η AZI ) 2
σ ELLIP 2 = 1 N · ∑ i = 1 N ( y i − η ELLIP ) 2
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