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Design of narrow band-pass filters based on the resonant-tunneling phenomenon in multi-core photonic crystal fibers

Kunimasa Saitoh, Nikolaos. J. Florous, Masanori Koshiba, and Maksim Skorobogatiy

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

The objective of the present paper is to introduce and numerically demonstrate the operation of a novel band-pass filter based on the phenomenon of resonant tunneling in multi-core photonic crystal fibers (PCFs). The proposed PCF consists of two identical cores separated by a third one which acts as a resonator. With a fine adjustment of the design parameters associated with the resonant-core, phase matching at a single wavelength can be achieved, thus enabling very narrow-band resonant directional coupling between the input and the output cores. The validation of the design is ensured with an accurate PCF analysis based on finite element and beam propagation algorithms. The proposed narrow band-pass filter can be employed in various applications such as all fiber bandpass/bandstop filtering.

©2005 Optical Society of America

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Figures (8)
Fig.1.
Fig.1. Schematic cross-section of the proposed bandpass filter in three-core PCF.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Magnified areas around (a) the input core-A and (b) the resonator core-B of the structure in Fig. 1. Bottom figures represent their effective refractive index profiles.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Schematic of 3 supermodes of a 3 core PCF filter.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Variation of the value of 2n eff,3-n eff,1-n eff,2 as a function of dc /Λ at 1.55 μm.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Bandpass filtering characteristics of three-core PCF filter.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Snapshots of electric field distribution at (a) z=0, (b) z=Lc /3 (c) z=Lc /2, (d) z=2Lc /3, and (e) z=Lc .

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Impact of the design parameters on the central wavelength of the filter. The variance of the central resonance wavelength-λ0 is plotted as a function of the fabrication tolerance for various design parameters, that is d (green line), dc (red line), and Λ (blue line). It is evident that the filter’s response is insensitive to variations of the lattice constant-Λ due to the non-proximity feature of the coupling mechanism between the input and the output cores.

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Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. Total coupling length as a function of the bending radius. The high impact of the small bending radii to the coupling length is evident. As the bending radius tends to large values the convergence to the nominal coupling length of Lc = 7.58 cm is clear.

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Equations (5)

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( ϕ 1 + ϕ 2 ) 2 + ϕ 3 .
( ϕ 1 exp ( − j β 1 z ) + ϕ 2 exp ( − j β 2 z ) ) 2 + ϕ 3 exp ( − j β 3 z )
n eff , 1 − n eff , 3 = n eff , 3 − n eff , 2
2 n eff , 3 − n eff , 1 − n eff , 2 = 0
L c = λ 0 2 ( n eff , 1 − n eff , 3 ) .
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