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Waveguide loss optimization in hollow-core ARROW waveguides

Dongliang Yin, John P. Barber, Aaron R. Hawkins, and Holger Schmidt

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

We discuss optimization of the optical properties of hollow-core antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides (ARROWs). We demonstrate significant reduction of waveguide loss to 2.6/cm for a 10.4μm2 mode area after adding an initial etching step of the substrate material. The effect of differences in confinement layer thickness is quantified and an optimized design is presented. The polarization dependence of the waveguide loss is measured and the implications for applications are discussed.

©2005 Optical Society of America

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Figures (5)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. (a) Hollow-core ARROW waveguide cross section. (b) Loss optimization as function of core width. Dashed line: laterally terminating layer is SiO2; solid line: laterally terminating layer is air (core height: 5.8μm).

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. SEM images of hollow-core ARROW waveguides. a) no substrate etch; b) pre-etched Si substrate (core height dC=5.8μm).

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. (a) Transmitted power versus pre-etched waveguide length (symbols: experiment, lines: exponential fits). (b) Hollow-core waveguide loss versus core width; circles: experiment, squares: simulation, dashed line: non-pre-etched sample (theory), solid line: further optimization via thickness optimization (theory).

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Calculated waveguide loss versus deviation of ARROW layer thickness ratio r from design value for various core widths.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Transmitted intensity and mode images versus (linear) input polarization angle for pre-etched hollow-core waveguides (w=15μm). Symbols: experiment; line: calculated fit to Eq. (2).

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Equations (2)

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d i = λ 4 n i ( 2 N + 1 ) [ 1 − n c 2 n i 2 + λ 2 4 n i 2 d c 2 ] − 0.5
I o = I i e − α X L cos 2 ( θ ) + I i e − α Y L sin 2 ( θ )
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