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Laser-activated shape memory polymer intravascular thrombectomy device

Ward Small IV, Thomas S. Wilson, William J. Benett, Jeffrey M. Loge, and Duncan J. Maitland

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

A blood clot (thrombus) that becomes lodged in the arterial network supplying the brain can cause an ischemic stroke, depriving the brain of oxygen and often resulting in permanent disability. As an alternative to conventional clot-dissolving drug treatment, we are developing an intravascular laser-activated therapeutic device using shape memory polymer (SMP) to mechanically retrieve the thrombus and restore blood flow to the brain. Thermal imaging and computer simulation were used to characterize the optical and photothermal behavior of the SMP microactuator. Deployment of the SMP device in an in vitro thrombotic vascular occlusion model demonstrated the clinical treatment concept.

©2005 Optical Society of America

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Supplementary Material (3)

Media 1: MPG (1204 KB)     
Media 2: MPG (447 KB)     
Media 3: MPG (2211 KB)     

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Figures (9)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Depiction of endovascular thrombectomy using the laser-activated SMP microactuator coupled to an optical fiber. (a) In its secondary straight rod form, the microactuator is delivered through a catheter distal to the thrombotic vascular occlusion. (b) The microactuator is then transformed into its primary corkscrew form by laser heating. (c) The deployed microactuator is retracted to capture the thrombus.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. SMP microactuator coupled to an optical fiber shown in its (a) secondary straight rod and (b) primary corkscrew forms. The maximum diameter of the SMP corkscrew is approximately 3 mm.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Socket joint between the optical fiber and the SMP microactuator. The polyimide buffer was burned off and the optical fiber was cleaved prior to insertion into the epoxy-filled socket. The epoxy, whose refractive index is between that of the optical fiber core and that of the SMP, was chosen to provide high coupling efficiency while maintaining a strong bond.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Mandrel used to set the primary corkscrew shape of the SMP microactuator.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Flow system used to test feasibility of the SMP device for intravascular thrombectomy. Flow is in the counterclockwise direction. A: main vessel of carotid bifurcation model; B and C: branches of carotid bifurcation model; TB: Touhy Borst valve; FP: flow probe; FM: flow meter; PP: peristaltic pump; H2O: water reservoir.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Computer simulation of laser light propagation through the SMP corkscrew in air. The laser power exiting the optical fiber is 1.00 W. Virtual detectors (a-p) indicate the spatial light distribution (irradiance) at various cross-sectional locations along the corkscrew. Total power and peak irradiance are noted for each detector. The first detector (a) is positioned at the optical fiber tip.

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. (1.2 MB) Real-time thermal camera video of laser actuation of the SMP microactuator in air. The laser power was 0.60 W. The maximum diameter of the SMP corkscrew is approximately 3 mm (see Fig. 2).

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Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. (448 KB) Real-time video of laser actuation of the SMP device in static water at body temperature.

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Fig. 9.
Fig. 9. (2.2 MB) Real-time video of in vitro thrombectomy using the SMP device in a bifurcated vessel model. Water flow is from left to right.

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Equations (3)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

n = A + B ( λ 2 − 0.028 ) + C ( λ 2 − 0.028 ) 2 + D λ 2 + E λ 4
Loss ( % ) = 100 { 1 − [ 1 − ( n f − n e n f + n e ) 2 ] [ 1 − ( n e − n s n e + n s ) 2 ] }
Δ T = Pt / cρV
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