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Simultaneous acquisition of sectional and fundus ophthalmic images with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography

Shuliang Jiao, Robert Knighton, Xiangrun Huang, Giovanni Gregori, and Carmen A. Puliafito

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

A high-speed spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) system was built to image the human retina in vivo. A fundus image similar to the intensity image produced by a scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) was generated from the same spectra that were used for generating the OCT sectional images immediately after the spectra were collected. This function offers perfect spatial registration between the sectional OCT images and the fundus image, which is desired in ophthalmology for monitoring data quality, locating pathology, and increasing reproducibility. This function also offers a practical way to detect eye movements that occur during the acquisition of the OCT image. The system was successfully applied to imaging human retina in vivo.

©2005 Optical Society of America

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Figures (6)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Schematic of the experimental system. SLD: superluminescent diode; PC: polarization controller. The spectrometer consists of a f=30 mm collimating lens, a 1200 line/mm transmission grating and a f=100 mm imaging lens. The CCD camera is a 2048 element linear array.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Fundus images of the left eye of a volunteer acquired with (a,b) our OCT using the algorithm of Eq. (5) and (c) a near-infrared SLO (GDx–VCC™). (a): optic disc; (b) fovea. The images generated by OCT have 512 (horizontal)×128 (vertical) pixels and cover an area of 4mm×4mm on the retina. The SLO image has 256 (horizontal)×128 (vertical) pixels and covers a field of 40°×20°.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. (1.9 MB) A movie of the OCT sectional images and the corresponding fundus image of the fovea. Fundus image size: 4mm×4mm. Displayed OCT depth range: 1.4 mm. The white line in the fundus image indicates the position of the OCT image. The OCT image consists of 512 A-scans. The fundus image consists of 128 B-scans acquired in 2.2 seconds.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. (1.9 MB) A movie of the OCT sectional images and the corresponding fundus image of the optic disc. Fundus image size: 4mm×4mm. Displayed OCT depth range: 1.4 mm. The white line in the fundus image indicates the position of the OCT image. The OCT image consists of 512 A-scans. The fundus image consists of 128 B-scans.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Frequency distribution of the relative intensity difference between fundus images generated from the frequency spectrum and the wavelength spectrum. The difference is calculated pixel wise.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. (a) Segmentation of the OCT image to produce a reference surface at the RPE; (b) Shadowgram of the image of Fig. 2b formed by intensity summation across the highlighted slab of tissue. The image covers an area of 4mm×4mm on the retina.

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Equations (9)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

G d ( ν ) = G s ( ν ) { 1 + ∑ n R n
+ 2 ∑ n ≠ m R n R m cos [ 2 π ν ( τ n − τ m ) ] + 2 ∑ n R n cos [ 2 π ν ( τ n − τ r ) ] } ,
Γ ( τ ) = < u ( t ) u * ( t + τ ) > = FT − 1 [ G s ( v ) ] ,
I ( τ ) = Γ ( τ ) + Γ ( τ ) ∑ n R n
+ 2 ∑ n ≠ m R n R m Γ [ τ ± 2 ( τ n − τ m ) ] + 2 ∑ n R n Γ [ τ ± 2 ( τ n − τ r ) ] ,
F v 1 ( x , y ) = G ¯ s ( 1 + ∑ n R n ) ,
F v 2 ( x , y ) = ∑ v { 2 ∑ n R n G s ( v ) cos [ 2 π v ( τ n − τ r ) ] } 2 = 4 G ¯ s 2 ∑ n R n ,
F t ( x , y ) = ∑ τ { 2 ∑ n R n Γ [ τ ± 2 ( τ n − τ r ) ] } 2 .
F t ( x , y , τ 1 < τ < τ 2 ) = ∑ τ 1 τ 2 { 2 ∑ n R n Γ [ τ ± 2 ( τ n − τ r ) ] } 2 .
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