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C-band waveguide amplifier produced by femtosecond laser writing

G. Della Valle, R. Osellame, N. Chiodo, S. Taccheo, G. Cerullo, P. Laporta, A. Killi, U. Morgner, M. Lederer, and D. Kopf

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Abstract

An optical waveguide amplifier fabricated on erbium-ytterbium-doped phosphate glass by direct femtosecond laser writing is demonstrated. The waveguides are manufactured using 1040-nm radiation from a diode-pumped cavity-dumped Yb:KYW oscillator, operating at a 885 kHz repetition rate, with a 350 fs pulse duration. Peak internal gain of 9.2 dB is obtained at 1535 nm, with a minimum internal gain of 5.2 dB at 1565 nm. Relatively low insertion losses of 1.9 dB enable for the first time an appreciable net gain in the full C-band of optical communications.

©2005 Optical Society of America

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Figures (5)
Fig.1.
Fig.1. Optical waveguide amplifier configuration and characterization set-up.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Measured internal gain spectrum obtained with an incident pump power of 460 mW in bi-directional pumping configuration. The dashed line indicates the total insertion losses.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Internal gain of the 37-mm long Er-Yb waveguide amplifier as a function of the incident pump power for two different signal wavelengths: 1535 nm (triangles) and 1550 nm (circles).

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Internal gain saturation curves measured at three different wavelengths: 1535 nm (triangles), 1550 nm (circles) 1565 nm (squares). Pump power is 460 mW.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Waveguide amplifier noise figure at different wavelengths (triangles). Theoretical curve (dashed line) is calculated from the estimated value of the effective inversion level (35%).

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Equations (1)

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NF = 1 G + 2 G − 1 G N 2 N 2 − ( σ A σ E ) N 1
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