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Slit beam shaping method for femtosecond laser direct-write fabrication of symmetric waveguides in bulk glasses

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Abstract

We report both theoretical and experimental results of a slit beam shaping configuration for fabricating photonic waveguides by use of femtosecond laser pulses. Most importantly we show the method supports focussing objectives with a long depth of field and allows the direct-writing of microstructures with circular cross-sections whilst employing a perpendicular writing scheme. We applied this technique to write low loss (0.39 dB/cm), single mode waveguides in phosphate glass.

©2005 Optical Society of America

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Figures (3)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. (a) beam evolution near focus not using slit, (b) energy distribution in YZ plane not using slit, (c) beam evolution near focus using slit, (d) energy distribution in YZ plane using slit where x corresponds with the direction of the beam translation and the waveguide axis.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. DIC microscope images of waveguides fabricated in phosphate (a) without a slit and (b) with a 500 μm slit.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. (a) Far field distribution of the waveguide at 635 nm and (b) near field image of the waveguide mode at 635 nm.

Equations (10)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

ω x = π W x and ω y = π W y .
Z Rx Z Ry = W y 2 W x 2 .
2 ω x = ω x [ 1 + ( λ X I o 2 π ω x 2 ) 2 ] 1 2
X I o 2 = 3 π λ ω x 2 .
I o 2 = I o exp ( Y I o 2 2 ω y 2 )
Y I o 2 = In 2 ω y .
X I o 2 = Y I o 2
W y W x = NA In 2 3 for W x > 3 W y ,
NA W x f .
W y W x = NA n In 2 3 for W x > 3 W y ,
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