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Self-Referenced 200 MHz Octave-Spanning Ti:Sapphire Laser with 50 Attosecond Carrier-Envelope Phase Jitter

Oliver D. Mücke, Richard Ell, Axel Winter, Jung-Won Kim, Jonathan R. Birge, Lia Matos, and Franz X. Kärtner

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Abstract

Carrier-envelope phase stabilization of a 200MHz octave-spanning Ti:sapphire laser without external broadening is demonstrated. The individual comb lines spaced by 200MHz can conveniently be resolved using commercial wavemeters. The accumulated in-loop carrier-envelope phase error (integrated from 2.5 mHz to 10 MHz) using a broadband analog mixer as phase detector is 0.117 rad, equivalent to 50 attosecond carrier-envelope phase jitter at 800 nm.

©2005 Optical Society of America

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Figures (4)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Carrier-envelope phase stabilized 200MHz octave-spanning Ti:sapphire laser. The femtosecond laser itself (located inside the grey area) has a compact 20 cm×30 cm foot-print. AOM, acousto-optical modulator; S, silver end mirror; OC, output coupling mirror; PBS, polarizing beam splitter cube; PMT, photomultiplier tube; PD, digital phase detector; LF, loop filter; VSA, vector signal analyzer. The carrier-envelope frequency is phase locked to 36 MHz.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Output spectrum of the Ti:sapphire laser on a linear (black curve) and on a logarithmic scale (red curve). The reflectivity of the ZnSe/MgF2 output coupler (blue curve) is shown for comparison. The wavelengths 570 and 1140 nm used for f -to-2f self-referencing are indicated by two dashed lines. The Fourier limit of the pulse spectrum is 3.6 fs.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Radio-frequency power spectrum of fundamental and frequency-doubled light transmitted through a 10 nm wide interference filter centered at 570 nm, resolution bandwidth (RBW) is 100 kHz. The peak at the carrier-envelope frequency f ϕ exhibits a signal-to-noise ratio of ~35 dB, sufficient for direct and routine carrier-envelope phase stabilization.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Power spectral density (PSD) of the carrier-envelope phase fluctuations Sf (blue and red curves) and integrated carrier-envelope phase error Δ ϕ (green and orange curves) measured with a digital phase detector and mixer, respectively.

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Equations (1)

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Δ ϕ = [ − 2 ∫ 10 MHz f S ϕ ( f ′ ) d f ′ ] 1 ⁄ 2 ,
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