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Formation of discrete solitons in light-induced photonic lattices

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Abstract

We present both experimental and theoretical results on discrete solitons in two-dimensional optically-induced photonic lattices in a variety of settings, including fundamental discrete solitons, vector-like discrete solitons, discrete dipole solitons, and discrete soliton trains. In each case, a clear transition from two-dimensional discrete diffraction to discrete trapping is demonstrated with a waveguide lattice induced by partially coherent light in a bulk photorefractive crystal. Our experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis of these effects.

©2005 Optical Society of America

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Supplementary Material (3)

Media 1: GIF (2129 KB)     
Media 2: GIF (110 KB)     
Media 3: GIF (116 KB)     

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Figures (9)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Experimental setup. PBS: polarizing beam splitter; PZT: piezo-transducer; SBN: strantium barium niobate. The right insert shows a photonic lattice created by optical induction.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Experimental demonstration of a discrete soliton in a partially coherent lattice. (a) Input, (b) diffraction output without the lattice, (c) discrete diffraction at 900 V/cm, and (d) discrete soliton at 3000 V/cm. Top: 3D intensity plots; Bottom: 2D transverse patterns. Animation of the experimentally observed process can be viewed in the multimedia file. [Media 1]
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Numerical results corresponding to Fig. 1(c–d). Inserts are 2D transverse patterns.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Output intensity patterns of a soliton-forming beam as a function of the intensity ratio at a fixed bias field (top) and as a function of the bias field at an intensity ratio (bottom).
Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Experimental and numerical results of a 2D discrete vector soliton. (a) input, (b) discrete diffraction at low bias field, (c, d) mutual trapping and decoupled output at high bias field, respectively. Row 1&2 show the two components of the vector soliton from experiment. Since the two components from simulations are the same, only one of the components from simulation is shown (Row 3).
Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Experimental results on dipole-like solitons in a 2D photonic lattice. Top panel: two beams are out-of-phase; Bottom panel: two beams are in-phase. (a) input; (b) output at a low bias field of 100V/mm; (c) and (d) output at a high bias field of 320V/mm with and without the lattice, respectively.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Numerical results corresponding to Fig. 6. For simplicity, numerical model does not include self-bending and anisotropic effects associated with the photorefractive nonlinearity.
Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. Experimental demonstration of 2D discrete soliton trains. Shown are the transverse intensity patterns of a stripe beam taken from crystal input (a) and output (b-d) faces. (b) Normal diffraction, (c) discrete diffraction, and (d) discrete soliton trains. Arrows indicate initial location of the stripe. (e) and (f) are 3D intensity plots corresponding to (c) and (d), respectively.
Fig. 9.
Fig. 9. Numerical results showing discrete diffraction (left) and discrete trapping (right) of a stripe beam in the lattice. Animations of the observed process as obtained from numerical simulations can be viewed in the media files. [Media 2] [Media 3]
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