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In-situ visualization, monitoring and analysis of electric field domain reversal process in ferroelectric crystals by digital holography

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Abstract

In-situ monitoring of domain reversal in congruent lithium niobate by a digital holographic technique is described. While the ferroelectric polarization is reversed by electric field poling, the two-dimensional distribution of the phase shift, due mainly to the linear electro-optic and piezoelectric effects, is measured and visualized. Digital holography is used to reconstruct both amplitude and phase of the wavefield transmitted by the sample to reveal the phase shift induced by adjacent reversed domains during the poling. The resulting movies of both amplitude and phase maps, for in-situ visualization of domain pattern formation, are shown. The possibility of using the technique as tool for monitoring in real-time the periodic poling of patterned samples is discussed.

©2004 Optical Society of America

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Supplementary Material (6)

Media 1: MOV (2374 KB)     
Media 2: MOV (1079 KB)     
Media 3: MOV (2319 KB)     
Media 4: MOV (2241 KB)     
Media 5: MOV (1028 KB)     
Media 6: MOV (2343 KB)     

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Figures (7)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Schematic view of the sample holder and the electrical circuit used for domain inversion of LN crystal samples. The structure of the holder is inspired by that used by Wengler et al. [14]. SG signal generator; HVA high voltage amplifier (2000×); Rs series resistor (100) for current limitation; Rm monitoring resistor (10); HVP high voltage probe; OSC oscilloscope.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Picture of the sample holder. The external electrical circuit is integrated into the Plexiglas mount.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Schematic view of the RGI set-up. The laser source is a He-Ne laser emitting at λ=632.8nm. POM parabolic off-axis mirror; M mirror; RG reflective grating; SH sample holder.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Movie (2.4MB) of the interferograms recorded during the poling process. The video frames have a time resolution of 10frame/s.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Movies obtained by collecting the two-dimensional distribution images of the object wavefield a) amplitude (1.1MB) and b) wrapped phase (2.3MB) numerically reconstructed from the holograms recorded during the poling process. The reconstruction distance is d=540mm. The out of focus real image and the zero-order diffraction term are filtered out for clarity.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Movie (2.2MB) obtained by collecting the surface plot representations of the unwrapped phase shift distributions retrieved from the inner (60x60)pixel sized region of the interferograms recorded during the electric field poling process. It shows the evolution of the object wavefield phase shift profile during the formation of the reversed domain pattern.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Movies obtained by collecting the images of the reconstructed two-dimensional distributions of the object wavefield a) amplitude (1.0MB) and b) phase (2.3MB) in the case of a sample presenting a previously generated domain wall.

Equations (4)

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Δ ϕ = 2 [ 2 π λ Δ n d + 2 π λ ( n 0 n w ) Δ d ] = [ r 13 n 0 3 + 2 ( n 0 n w ) k 3 ] U
Γ ( ν , μ ) h ( ξ , η ) r ( ξ , η ) exp [ i π λ d ( ξ 2 cos α 2 + η 2 ) ] exp [ 2 i π ( ξ ν + η μ ) d ξ d η ]
Δ x ' = λ d N Δ ξ ; Δ y ' = λ d N Δ η
A ( x ' , y ' ) = abs [ Γ ( x ' , y ' ) ] ; ϕ ( x ' , y ' ) = arctan Im [ Γ ( x ' , y ' ) ] Re [ Γ ( x ' , y ' ) ]
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