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Room temperature continuous wave operation of a surface-emitting two-dimensional photonic crystal diode laser

Dai Ohnishi, Takayuki Okano, Masahiro Imada, and Susumu Noda

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

We achieved room temperature continuous wave operation of a surface-emitting two-dimensional photonic crystal diode laser by current injection. This is the first time ever that room temperature continuous wave operation of a photonic crystal diode laser has been realized. This laser features single mode oscillation over a large area, which is impossible for conventional lasers. In this work, we optimized the epitaxial layer composition for better carrier confinement and clarified the relationship between the diameter of the air holes in the photonic crystal and the threshold current of the laser in order to estimate the optimized threshold current.

©2004 Optical Society of America

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Figures (7)
Fig.1.Schematic .
Fig.1.Schematic . iagram of the device structure.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. (a) Schematic of a square lattice photonic crystal. The two narrow arrows indicate two particular directions G-X and G-M, and the broad arrows indicate propagating light waves. (b) Schematic showing the propagating directions of the coupled waves.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Schematic conduction band diagram of the layer structure near the active layer.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Temperature characteristic of the devices under pulsed conditions (1kHz-500ns).

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Lasing characteristics of the device under RT-CW condition. (a) Lasing spectrum. The operation current was 70 mA. (b) Light output power-current characteristic.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. (a) Near field pattern and polarization characteristics of the device. The blue open circles indicate the measurement points with a diameter of about 10 µm, and red double-headed arrows show the direction of polarization at each point. The operating current was 76 mA. (b) Far field pattern of the device. The operating current was 66 mA.

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Relationship between the air-filling factor and the normalized threshold current at 20°C.

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