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Optical trapping and fluorescence excitation with violet diode lasers and extended cavity surface emitting lasers

Tanya K. Lake, Antonia E. Carruthers, Lynn Paterson, Margaret Taylor, Frank Gunn-Moore, John W. Allen, Wilson Sibbett, and Kishan Dholakia

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

Violet diode lasers and vertical extended cavity surface emitting lasers are used within an optical trapping system. Two distinct but related studies are performed. Firstly, the optical trapping efficiency in terms of the Q parameter for micron and sub-micron sized particles is determined. Secondly, we use the violet diode laser to observe and fluoresce 4′-6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) stained chromosomes, green fluorescent protein (GFP) transfected neuroblastomas and fluorescent polymer spheres within an optical tweezers using a 1064nm trap laser. This work paves the way for both reduced trap volumes and for biological tagging, chromosome selection or observing protein dynamics.

©2004 Optical Society of America

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Figures (7)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Experimental violet ECDL tweezers set up.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. CCD camera images showing particle manipulation of a 0.4 µm sphere in our optical tweezers using the ECDL

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Comparison between two chromosomes under violet laser illumination, first picture and under white light illumination, last picture. The central picture shows the first picture overlaid by a red version of the last picture indicating the fluorescence is coming in part from one chromosome and in part from the other.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Guiding of one chromosome compared to a group of chromosomes.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. A human neuron (neuroblastoma) cell containing, viewed under a conventional fluorescence microscope-exhibiting fluorescence across the entire cell.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. A section of a human neuron (neuroblastoma) cell containing GFP viewed with a violet diode laser fluorescence illuminator and a x100 microscope objective – exhibiting fluorescence of only a section of the cell.

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. (1.95 Mb) Movie of the simultaneous fluorescence and manipulation of blue fluorescent 1 µm polymer spheres

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Tables (1)

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Table 1. Q values of the tweezer set up operated with different lasers

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Equations (2)

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F trap = Q n m P ⁄ c
F stoke = 3 π η d ν
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