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Nanopillars photonic crystal waveguides

Dmitry N. Chigrin, Andrei V. Lavrinenko, and Clivia M. Sotomayor Torres

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

We present a novel type of a waveguide, which consists of several rows of periodically placed dielectric cylinders. In such a nanopillars photonic crystal waveguide, light confinement is due to the total internal reflection, while guided modes dispersion is strongly affected by waveguide periodicity. Nanopillars waveguide is multimode, where a number of modes is equal to the number of rows building the waveguide. We present a detailed study of guided modes properties, focusing on possibilities to tune their frequencies and spectral separation. An approach towards the specific mode excitation is proposed and prospects of nanopillars waveguides application as a laser resonator are discussed.

©2004 Optical Society of America

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Figures (6)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Dispersion diagrams for nanopillars PCWs with 2, 3, 4 and 5 rows. Insets show a sketch of the waveguides. In the inset of the leftmost panel, coordinate system, together with the first quarter of the first BZ of the square lattice are shown. Grey area shows a continuum of radiated modes lying above the light line. Guided modes are shown in black solid lines. Projected band structure of 2D square lattice PhC is given in blue, where the bands in Γ-X (solid lines) and X-M directions (dashed lines) are shown.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Field patterns of the 4 lowest guided modes of W4 PCW. Modes 1 and 3 are even, 2 and 4 are odd. Ey component of the field is plotted. Zero fields are in green, positive and negative values are in red and blue.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Dispersion diagrams for different dielectric constant of rods. Grey area shows a continuum of radiated modes lying above the light line. Guided modes are shown in black solid lines. Projected band structure of 2D square lattice PhC is given in blue, where the bands in Γ-X (solid lines) and X-M directions (dashed lines) are shown.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Dispersion diagrams for different rectangular Bravais lattices; m=0.5 (left), 1.0 (center) and 2.0 (right). Insets show a sketch of waveguides, coordinate system and the first quarter of the first BZ of the corresponding lattice. Grey area shows a continuum of radiated modes lying above the light line. Guided modes are shown in black solid lines. Projected band structure of 2D PhC is given in blue, where the bands in Γ-P (Γ-X′) (solid lines) and X-M directions (dashed lines) are shown.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Dispersion curves (left) and transmission spectra for the 1st, 3rd (center), 2nd and 4th (right) modes of W4 waveguide.

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Fig.6.
Fig.6. Normalized energy spectra for different spatial patterns of the excitation for the 20 periods long W4 PCW. Spatial patterns of excitation reflecting the symmetry of the 1st (black), 2nd (red), 3rd (blue) and 4th (green) modes are shown in insets

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