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Complex intensity modulation transfer function for supercontinuum generation in microstructure fibers

Nils Haverkamp and Harald R. Telle

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

We investigated the complex intensity modulation transfer function for supercontinuum generation in microstructure fibers (MSF). We measured the relative intensity and phase modulations in the output spectrum of the MSF with spectral resolution of one and ten nanometers, respectively. For small intensity modulation indices (~1 %) we found power modulation gain factors as large as 100 in certain spectral areas of the super continuum. In all spectral regions the phase modulation coefficient was found not to exceed 40 rad per percent of pulse power change. Consequences for applications of phase-coherent supercontinua, such as frequency metrology, pulse synthesis, heterodyne coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) are discussed.

©2004 Optical Society of America

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Figures (5)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Setup used to measure the phase modulation in the output spectrum of microstructure fiber.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Phase modulation coefficient Δϕ in rad per percent of pulse energy change as function of carrier wavelength, measured for spectral windows of 10 nm FWHM (solid squares) and by beating the supercontinuum with single frequency lasers (open triangle); pulse energy 200pJ.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Transmission of MZI as function of delay (left y-axis) and power of the modulation signal as result of phase modulation (right y-axis) (both for spectral windows of 10 nm FWHM).

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Table 1.
Table 1. Phasor description for interfering fields at the recombination beamsplitter BS2, shown for two scenarios: left without phase modulation (PM) of the pulses, right with phase modulation in arm a or arm b (for further details, see text)

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Power spectral density and power modulation gain factors g(λ) as function of wave length measured with different input pulse energies of a) 1 pJ, b) 25 pJ, c) 200 pJ (supercontinuum).

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