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Fast 3-D optical imaging with transient fluorescence signals

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Abstract

A fast 3-D optical imaging method with use of exogenous fluorescence agent is proposed and demonstrated by simulation in a model tissue. After administration of fluorescent agent, ultrashort near-infrared laser pulses are used to illuminate the tissue and excite fluorescence emission. The transient fluorescence signals are detected on the tissue boundaries and employed to reconstruct a 3-D image of relative fluorescence emission distribution inside the tissue. A region with greater fluorescence emission represents a diseased tissue if the fluorescent agent has a close affinity with the disease. We successfully demonstrated the feasibility of this method in the imaging of a small cubic tumor embedded in a cubical tissue phantom with a preassigned uptake distribution of fluorescent indocyanine green dye. The image reconstruction does not involve any inverse optimization. It took less than 5 minutes in a general PC for the two model imaging problems.

©2004 Optical Society of America

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Figures (6)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Sketch of a model imaging system.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. A representative fluorescence signal.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Reconstructed 3-D tumor image.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Projections of the 3-D tumor image: (a) on the Y-Z plane, (b) on the X-Z plane, (c) on the X-Y plane.
Fig 5.
Fig 5. Tomographic images: (a) along the X-direction, (b) along the Y-direction, (c) along the Z-direction.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Reconstructed 3-D image for a small tumor embedded at off-center of the tissue.

Equations (14)

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1 c I 1 l t + ξ l I 1 l X + η l I 1 l Y + μ l I 1 l Z + σ e 1 I 1 l = σ e 1 ( S 1 l + S c l )
1 c I 2 l t + ξ l I 2 l X + η l I 2 l Y + μ l I 2 l Z + σ e 2 I 2 l = σ e 2 ( S 2 l + S F l )
S j l = ω j 4 π i = 1 n w j i Φ i l ( s i s l ) I j i , j = 1 , 2
S c l = ω 1 4 π I 0 [ X = 0 , Y , Z , t X ( c ξ c ) ] · exp ( σ e X ξ c ) · δ ( ξ c 1 ) · Φ cl
S F l = ω 2 4 π v 2 v 1 α F σ a 1 τ 0 t C v C v 0 e ( t t ) τ i = 1 n w i I 1 i ( t ) d t
T i , j , k C = T i , j , k T 0 2 , T m i , j , k C = T m i , j , k T m 0 2
P ( T i , j , k ) = 1 2 π σ exp [ ( T i , j , k T m i , j , k C ) 2 2 σ 2 ]
σ = ( T m i , j , k C T i , j , k C ) 2 ln 2 .
T i , j , k F = T m i , j , k C 2 σ 2 ln ( 2 π σ P ) .
R i , j , k = c T i , j , k F .
( X D i ) 2 + ( Y D j ) 2 + ( Z D k ) 2 = R i , j , k 2
Z = V k 1 = D k + R i , j , k 2 ( V i D i ) 2 ( V j D j ) 2 ,
or Z = V k 2 = D k R i , j , k 2 ( V i D i ) 2 ( V j D j ) 2 .
E ( V i , V j , V k ) = { i = 1 N k = 1 K [ I D ( D i , D 1 , D k ; V i , V j , V k ) + I D ( D i , D M , D k ; V i , V j , V k ) ] + j = 1 M k = 1 K [ I D ( D 1 , D j , D k ; V i , V j , V k ) + I D ( D N , D j , D k ; V i , V j , V k ) ] } { i = 1 N k = 1 K [ I max ( D i , D 1 , D k ) + I max ( D i , D M , D k ) ] + j = 1 M k = 1 K [ I max ( D 1 , D j , D k ) + I max ( D N , D j , D k ) ] }
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