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Imaging of polarization properties of human retina in vivo with phase resolved transversal PS-OCT

Michael Pircher, Erich Götzinger, Rainer Leitgeb, Harald Sattmann, Oliver Findl, and Christoph. K. Hitzenberger

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

Recently, we developed a phase resolved polarization sensitive OCT system based on transversal scanning. This system was now improved and adapted for retinal imaging in vivo. We accelerated the image acquisition speed by a factor of 10 and adapted the system for light sources emitting at 820nm. The improved instrument records 1000 transversal lines per second. Two different scanning modes enable either the acquisition of high resolution B-scan images containing 1600×500 pixels in 500ms or the recording of 3D data sets by C-scan mode imaging. This allows acquiring a 3D-data set containing 1000×100×100 pixels in 10 seconds. We present polarization sensitive B-scan images and to the best of our knowledge, the first 3D-data sets of retardation and fast axis orientation of fovea and optic nerve head region in vivo. The polarizing and birefringence properties of different retinal layers: retinal pigment epithelium, Henle’s fiber layer, and retinal nerve fiber layer are studied.

©2004 Optical Society of America

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Figures (6)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. B-scan of human fovea in vivo (~5×1mm2) (a) intensity (the layers are labeled as follows: ILM, internal limiting membrane; NFL, nerve fiber layer; GCL, ganglion cell layer; IPL and OPL, inner and outer plexiform layer; INL and ONL, inner and outer nuclear layer; HF, Henle fiber layer; ELM, external limiting membrane; IPRL, interface between inner and outer segments of photoreceptor layer; RPE, retinal pigment epithelium), (b) retardation (c.f., color bar; δ=0° to 90°), (c) cumulative fast axis orientation (c.f., color bar; Θ=0° to 180°), (d) (e) (f) enlarged sections (x2) of (a), (b) and (c) (to avoid erroneous birefringence data values below a certain intensity threshold are displayed in grey in (b) (c) (e) (f))

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Frame no.34 of movie showing several en-face images of a 3D data set of a human fovea region in vivo at different depth positions. Upper left: intensity image of a B-scan (x-z) (black line corresponds to the depth position of the en face images), upper right: en face (x-y) intensity image, lower left: en face cumulative fast axis orientation image (c.f. color bar; Θ=0° to 180°), lower right: en face retardation image (c.f. color bar; δ=0° to 90°) The black lines correspond to the B-scan position (size 0.8MB) (The data set consists of a volume of 5×5×1.5mm3)

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Retardation (a) and cumulative fast axis orientation (b) at the surface of the fovea region. Each image covers an area of 5×5mm2. Histogram of retardation (c) and fast axis orientation (d) values obtained from (a) and (b), respectively.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Retardation (a) and cumulative fast axis orientation (b) at the IPRL of the fovea region (each image covers an area of 5×5mm2), and simulated retardation (c) and fast axis orientation (d) (S superior; I inferior; T temporal; N nasal)

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Frame no.21 of movie showing several en-face images of a 3D data set of a human retinal nerve head region in vivo at different depth positions. Upper left: (B-scan) intensity image (x-z) (black line corresponds to the depth position of the en face images), upper right: en face (x-y) intensity image, lower left: en face cumulative fast axis orientation image (c.f. color bar; Θ=0° to 180°), lower right: en face retardation image (c.f. color bar; δ=0° to 90°). The black lines correspond to the B-scan position (size 0.7MB). (The data set comprises a volume of 5×5×2.5mm3)

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Retardation (a) and cumulative fast axis orientation (b) at the top layer of the RPE of the nerve head region (each image covers an area of ~5×5mm2), and simulated retardation (c) and fast axis orientation (d) (S superior; I inferior; T temporal; N nasal)

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Equations (6)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

R ( z ) ~ A 1 2 ( z ) + A 2 2 ( z ) ,
δ ( z ) = arctan ( A 2 ( z ) A 1 ( z ) ) .
θ = 180 ° − Δ Φ 2 .
cos ( δ ) = cos ( δ 1 ) cos ( δ 2 ) − sin ( δ 1 ) sin ( δ 2 ) cos ( 2 ( θ 2 − θ 1 ) ) .
M ( δ , θ ) = ( cos 2 ( θ ) + sin 2 ( θ ) exp ( − i δ ) cos ( θ ) sin ( θ ) ( 1 − exp ( − i δ ) ) cos ( θ ) sin ( θ ) ( 1 − exp ( − i δ ) ) cos 2 ( θ ) exp ( − i δ ) + sin 2 ( θ ) )
E s = 1 2 M qwp M A M H R M H M A M qwp ( 0 1 ) ,
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