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Quasi-lossless transmission using second-order Raman amplification and fibre Bragg gratings

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Abstract

A novel distributed amplification scheme for quasi-lossless transmission is presented. The system is studied numerically and shown to be able to strongly reduce signal power variations in comparison with currently employed schemes of similar complexity. As an example, variations of less than 3.1 dB for 100 km distance between pumps and below 0.42 dB for 60 km are obtained when using standard single-mode fibre as the transmission medium with an input signal average power of 0 dBm, and a total pump power of about 1.7 W.

©2004 Optical Society of America

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Figures (4)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Schematic depiction of the system.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. (a) Pumps, signal and noise evolution inside the cell for a 60 km cell length. (b) Pumps, signal and noise evolution inside the cell for a 100 km cell length.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Signal power evolution in the transmission cell for different amplifying solutions, for a cell length of 80 km.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Signal power variation vs. cell length for single and multiple channels. The dotted line corresponds to direct first order bi-directional amplification.

Tables (1)

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Table 1. Characteristics of the SMF

Equations (7)

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d P P 1 ± dz = α 1 P P 1 ± g 1 ν 1 ν 2 P P 1 ± ( P P 2 + + P P 2 + 4 h ν 2 Δ ν 2 ( 1 + 1 e h ( ν 1 ν 2 ) K B T 1 ) ) ± ε 1 P P 1
d P P 2 ± dz = α 2 P P 2 ± ± g 1 ( P P 2 ± + 2 h ν 2 Δ ν 2 ( 1 + 1 e h ( ν 1 ν 2 ) K B T 1 ) ) ( P P 1 + + P P 1 )
g 2 ν 2 ν S P P 2 ± ( P S + N S + + N S + 4 h ν S Δ ν S ( 1 + 1 e h ( ν 2 ν S ) K B T 1 ) ) ± ε 2 P P 2
d P S dz = α S P S + g 2 P S ( P P 2 + + P P 2 )
d N S + dz = α S N S + + g 2 ( N S + + 2 h ν S Δ ν S ( 1 + 1 e h ( ν 2 ν S ) K B T 1 ) ) ( P P 2 + + P P 2 ) + ε S N S
d N S dz = α S N S g 2 ( N S + 2 h ν S Δ ν S ( 1 + 1 e h ( ν 2 ν S ) K B T 1 ) ) ( P P 2 + + P P 2 ) ε S ( P S + N S + )
P P 1 + ( 0 ) = P P 1 ( L ) P 0 ; P P 2 + ( 0 ) = R 1 P P 2 ( 0 ) ; P P 2 ( L ) = R 2 P P 2 + ( L ) ; N S + ( 0 ) = N 0 ; N S ( L ) = 0 ; P S ( 0 ) = P IN
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