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Gas sensing using air-guiding photonic bandgap fibers

T. Ritari, J. Tuominen, H. Ludvigsen, J. C. Petersen, T. Sørensen, T. P. Hansen, and H. R. Simonsen

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

We demonstrate the high sensitivity of gas sensing using a novel air-guiding photonic bandgap fiber. The bandgap fiber is spliced to a standard single-mode fiber at the input end for easy coupling and filled with gas through the other end placed in a vacuum chamber. The technique is applied to characterize absorption lines of acetylene and hydrogen cyanide employing a tunable laser as light source. Measurements with a LED are also performed for comparison. Detection of weakly absorbing gases such as methane and ammonia is explored.

©2004 Optical Society of America

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Figures (11)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Microscope images of (a) PBF1300 and (b) PBF1500.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Spectral transmission of (a) a 2 m long PBF1300 and (b) a 3 m long PBF1500.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Experimental setup for filling PBFs with gas and absorption measurements.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Normalized transmission of 12C2H2 line at 1531.588 nm as a function of time in PBF1500 recorded using a tunable laser while filling the fiber with gas to 10 mbar.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Normalized transmission of 12C2H2 line at 1521.060 nm as a function of time in PBF1500 recorded using a tunable laser while filling the fiber with gas to 113 mbar.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Normalized absorption spectrum of the P-branch of 12C2H2 at 10 mbar in a 1 m long PBF1500 measured using a tunable laser (step size 1 pm).

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Normalized absorption spectrum of the P-branch of 12C2H2 at 10 mbar in a 1 m long absorption cell measured using a tunable laser (step size 1 pm).

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Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. Normalized absorption spectra of R-branch of 12C2H2 in a 1 m long PBF1500 measured using a LED. The resolution of the OSA is 0.1 nm. The lines appear broader due to the limited resolution of the OSA.

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Fig. 9.
Fig. 9. For comparison, the same spectrum recorded using a laser (step size 1 pm) and a reduced pressure of 10 mbar.

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Fig. 10.
Fig. 10. Normalized absorption spectrum of H13CN in a 1 m long PBF1500 recorded using a LED. The resolution of the OSA is 0.1 nm.

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Fig. 11.
Fig. 11. Normalized absorption spectrum of CH4 in a 10 m long PBF1300 recorded using a LED. The resolution of the OSA is 0.1 nm.

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Tables (1)

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Table 1. Characteristics of the PBFs.

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