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Compact slanted grating couplers

Bin Wang, Jianhua Jiang, and Gregory P. Nordin

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

We present a compact and efficient design for slanted grating couplers (SLGC’s) to vertically connect fibers and planar waveguides without intermediate optics. The proposed SLGC employs a strong index modulated slanted grating. With the help of a genetic algorithm-based rigorous design tool, a 20µm-long SLGC with 80.1% input coupling efficiency has been optimized. A rigorous mode analysis reveals that the phase-matching condition and Bragg condition are satisfied simultaneously with respect to the fundamental leaky mode supported by the optimized SLGC.

©2004 Optical Society of America

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Figures (11)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. 3D geometry of the SLGC for the normal coupling between fiber and waveguide.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. 2D cross sectional geometry of SLGC used in the 2D FDTD simulation.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. (a) Geometry of uniform SLGC optimized by µGA. (b) 2D FDTD result of magnitude squared time averaged Ez component for the uniform SLGC.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. (a) Same as Fig. 3. (a), except for non-uniform SLGC. (b) Same as Fig. 3. (b), except for non-uniform SLGC.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Fill factor distribution of µGA optimized grating along x direction for the non-uniform SLGC shown in Fig. 4.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Lateral shift sensitivity analysis of the non-uniform SLGC design.

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. 2D FDTD simulated spectrum response of the non-uniform SLGC design.

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Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. Infinite periodic version of the SLGC for leaky mode finding with RCWA approach.

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Fig. 9.
Fig. 9. K- vector diagram of the uniform fill-factor SLGC presented in Section 3.1, the inset shows the slanted grating.

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Fig. 10.
Fig. 10. Phase distribution from 2D FDTD simulation on the uniform SLGC.

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Fig. 11.
Fig. 11. (a) k-vector diagram of non-uniform SLGC. (b) 2D FDTD phase distribution of the non-uniform SLGC design.

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Tables (1)

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Table 1. µGA optimization of a uniform SLGC

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Equations (6)

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η RCE = P RCE P i × MOI
η j = P j P i , with j = R , T , LCE
f = c ( 1 − η RCE )
n m = β m ⁄ k 0
β qx = k ix + q · 2 π ⁄ Λ , q = 0 , ± 1 , ± 2 ⋯
n ave = [ n 1 2 × ( fillfactor ) + n 2 2 × ( 1 − fillfactor ) ] 1 ⁄ 2
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