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3D manipulation of particles into crystal structures using holographic optical tweezers

Jonathan Leach, Gavin Sinclair, Pamela Jordan, Johannes Courtial, Miles J. Padgett, Jon Cooper, and Zsolt J. Laczik

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

We have developed holographic optical tweezers that can manipulate many particles simultaneously in three dimensions in order to create micro-crystal structures that extend over many tens of microns. The technique uses specific hologram-design algorithms to create structures that can be dynamically scaled or rotated about arbitrary axes. We believe the generation and control of pre-determined crystal-like structures have significant potential in fields as diverse as photonic-crystal construction, seeding of biological tissue growth and creation of metrological standards within nanotechnology.

©2004 Optical Society of America

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Figures (4)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the optical tweezers and the SLM. The plane of the SLM, a, is imaged into the pupil of the microscope objective plane a*. The planes b and c are imaged into the focal region of the microscope.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. [3.1MB] Holograms and corresponding image sequence of the rotation of a cubic unit cell. The cell is constructed from 2µm silica beads, each separated by 5µm. The hologram patterns used to create the traps were calculated in real time. They are a combination of diffraction gratings and Fresnel lenses.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. [1.3MB] Optically trapped diamond unit cell constructed from 18 beads of 2µm diameter and suspended in water. As the camera focus is moved through the structure (left to right), separate planes come into focus (top row). We used a static phase hologram (far right) to create the required 3D intensity distribution; the intensity cross-section in the top plane is shown (far left).

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. [2.9MB] Glass beads (2 µm diameter) trapped in the corners of an imaginary rotating tetrahedron. The phase-hologram patterns used for the generation of the corresponding optical traps are shown on the left; the centre column shows the corresponding video frames. A series of hologram patterns (including the ones shown) were pre-calculated using a direct-binary-search algorithm and then successively displayed on the SLM.

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