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Antiguiding in microstructured optical fibers

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Abstract

Antiguiding, as opposed to positive index-contrast guiding (or index-guiding), in microstructured air-silica optical fibers is shown to have a significant influence on the fiber’s transmission property, especially when perturbations exist near the defect core. Antiguided modes are numerically analyzed in such fibers by treating the finite periodic air-silica composite (including the central defect) as the core and outer bulk silica region as the cladding. Higher-order modes, which can couple energy from the fundamental mode in the presence of waveguide irregularities, are predicted to be responsible for high leakage loss of realistic holey fibers. The modal property of an equivalent simple step-index antiguide model is also analyzed. Results show that approximation from a composite core waveguide to a simple step-index fiber always neglects some important modal characteristics.

©2004 Optical Society of America

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Figures (8)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. (a) A commercial large-mode-area single mode MOF. (b) Its Veff is plotted as a function of normalized frequency Λ/λ (red curve). (b) also gives Veff curves for other types of fibers characterized by different d/Λ values (indicated beside each curve).
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. (a) Index profile of the MOF under studied. Black circles represent air-holes. The central red circle has diameter d0 =d and refractive index n 0. (b) Zoom-in plot at the central defect region, with unit cell of the PC highlighted in light-red. (c) Equivalent simple antiguide. Core area (grey) has a diameter of 67.8308µm and a refractive index n 1 of 1.4443. Red circle has diameter d 0’ and refractive index n 0’.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. E-field distributions for (a) LP01-like (b) LP11-like (c) LP21-like and (d) LP02-like mode. Solid-black curve is the real part of the mode filed and dotted-red curve is the imaginary part. 2D color plots are in accord with 1D radial plots, with extra azimuthal field variations. Only real part of the mode field is shown in 2D color plots, which is true for all subsequent figures. The same color scale is shared by all 2D plots presented in this paper.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Upper figure shows the mode spectrum of MOF-1 excited by a rectangular-shaped launching field of width Λ. Launching position is at x=y=0µm. Six mode profiles show modes a, b, c, d, e, f denoted in the spectrum.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Upper figure shows the mode spectrum of MOF-1 excited by a rectangular-shaped launching field of width Λ. Launching position is at x=2.5×Λ, y=0µm. Six mode profiles show mode-b, c, d, e, f, g denoted in the spectrum. Mode-a is the same as that in Fig. 4.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. E field distributions of: (a) LP01-like (b) LP11-like (c) LP02-like and (d) LP121-like mode.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Upper figure shows the mode spectrum of MOF-2 excited by a rectangular-shaped launching field of width Λ. Launching position is at x=0µm, y=0µm. Only mode-a and e are shown. Mode-b, c, d corresponding to mode-a, b, c in the next figure, where the excitation is asymmetric. Fiber length here is 214 µm.
Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. Upper figure shows the mode spectrum of MOF-2 excited by a rectangular-shaped launching field of width Λ. Launching position is at x=2.5×Λ, y=0µm. Six mode profiles show mode-a, b, c, d, f, g denoted in the spectrum. Mode-e is the same as that in Fig. 7.

Tables (5)

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Table 1. Effective indices and confinement losses for four modes in Fig. 3.

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Table 2. Effective indices and confinement losses for six modes in Fig. 4.

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Table 3. Effective indices and confinement losses for six modes in Fig. 5.

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Table 4. Effective indices and confinement losses for four modes in Fig. 6.

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Table 5. Effective indices and confinement losses for six modes in Fig. 8.

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