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Suppression of stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fibers using fiber Bragg gratings

Hojoon Lee and Govind P. Agrawal

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

We propose a novel scheme for suppressing stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fibers. The scheme makes use of a single or a sampled Bragg grating fabricated within the fiber used for transmitting intense Q-switched pulses. The grating is designed such that the spectrum of the Stokes pulse generated through stimulated Brillouin scattering falls entirely within its stop band. We show numerically that 15-ns pulses with 2-kW peak power can be transmitted though a 1-m-long fiber with little energy loss using this scheme. A sampled grating can be used for longer fibers but its coupling coefficient should be higher. The proposed scheme should prove useful for double-clad fiber lasers and amplifiers.

©2003 Optical Society of America

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Figures (4)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Schematic of (a) a single and (b) a sampled FBG for suppressing SBS in optical fibers. The notation used in the paper is also shown.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Pump (top) and Stokes (bottom) pulses at the fiber output when 15-ns pump pulses with 2-kW peak power are launched into 1-m-long fiber. Green curves show the input pump pulse for comparison, blue curves show the no-grating case, while red curves show the improvement realized using a 1-m-long FBG with κL=35.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Fraction of pulse energy transmitted as a function of κ for three values of peak power when a single 1-m-long grating is used for SBS suppression.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Same as in Fig. 3 except that a sampled grating is used for SBS suppression. The grating consists of 4-cm-long samples with 10-cm spacing.

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Equations (10)

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n ( z ) = n ¯ + 2 n 1 ( z ) cos ⁡ ( 2 k B z ) + n 2 ∣ E ( z ) ∣ 2 ,
E ( z , t ) = Re { E p ( z , t ) exp ⁡ [ i ( k p z − ω p t ) ]
+ E s − ( z , t ) exp ⁡ [ − i ( k s z + ω s t ) ] + E s + ( z , t ) exp ⁡ [ i ( k s z − ω s t ) ] }
ρ ( z , t ) = ρ 0 + Re { ρ ( z , t ) exp ⁡ [ i ( k A z − Ω B t ) ] } .
∂ E p ∂ z + 1 v g ∂ E p ∂ t = − g B e E s − Q + i Γ ( ∣ E p ∣ 2 + 2 ∣ E s + ∣ 2 + 2 ∣ E s − ∣ 2 ) E p
− ∂ E s − ∂ z + 1 v g ∂ E s − ∂ t = g B e E p Q * + i δ E s − + i κ * E s + + i Γ ( ∣ E s − ∣ 2 + 2 ∣ E p ∣ 2 + 2 ∣ E s + ∣ 2 ) E s −
∂ E s + ∂ z + 1 v g ∂ E s + ∂ t = i δ E s + + i κ E s − + i Γ ( ∣ E s + ∣ 2 + 2 ∣ E p ∣ 2 + 2 ∣ E s − ∣ 2 ) E s +
τ A ∂ Q ∂ t + Q = E p E s − * + Q 0 ,
κ ( z ) = π n 1 λ , Γ = 2 π λ n 2 , δ = k s − k B ∸
〈 f ( z , t ) 〉 = 0 , 〈 f ( z , t ) f * ( z ' , t ' ) 〉 = F δ ( z − z ' ) δ ( t − t ' ) .
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