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Robust photonic band gaps for hollow core guidance in PCF made from high index glass

J. M. Pottage, D. M. Bird, T. D. Hedley, T. A. Birks, J. C. Knight, P. St. J. Russell, and P. J. Roberts

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Abstract

We report a new type of photonic bandgap that becomes substantial at remarkably low air-filling fractions (~60%) in triangular-lattice photonic crystal fibres (PCF) made from high index glass (n≳2.0). The ratio of inter-hole spacing to wavelength makes these new structures ideal for the experimental realisation of hollow-core PCF in the mid/far-infrared, where suitable glasses (e.g., tellurites and chalcogenides) tend to have high refractive indices.

©2003 Optical Society of America

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Figures (3)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Normalised DOS maps for different hole radii, for three different glass indices: (a) 1.5, (b) 2.4, and (c) 3.3. The hole radii are (from left to right): 48%Λ, 44%Λ, 40%Λ, 36%Λ, and 32%Λ. The Roman numerals indicate the types (I, II, or III) of the most significant gaps, under our classification scheme.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. (a) Schematic diagram of the quantities used in the definitions of the normalised gap width and the normalised gap depth. (b) Normalised percentage depths and (c) widths of the lowest-frequency air-line-bandgaps for a range of glass indices and hole radii.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Axial Poynting-vector profiles of selected core-guided and cladding-guided modes calculated using an 8Λ×8Λ supercell in conjunction with an FFT grid size of 512×512. The Poynting vector magnitude is normalized to unity over the supercell. The photonic crystal cladding has holes of radii 40%Λ in a glass matrix of index 2.4, the frequency k 0Λ is set to 5.4, and the hollow core has a radius of 1.0Λ.

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Equations (2)

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( ∇ 2 + k 0 2 n 2 ) h + ∇ ( ln n 2 ) × ( ∇ × h ) = β 2 h
ρ ( k 0 Λ , β Λ ) = ∑ k w k ∑ i δ ( β Λ − β ik Λ )
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