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Soft lithography replication of polymeric microring optical resonators

Yanyi Huang, George T. Paloczi, Jacob Scheuer, and Amnon Yariv

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

We have developed a soft lithography method to replicate polymeric integrated optical devices. In this method, the master device and the molded replica are made of the same materials, allowing direct comparison. To evaluate the quality of the replication, microring optical resonators are chosen as test devices because of their sensitivity to small fabrication errors. The master devices are precisely fabricated using direct electron beam lithography. The replicas are produced by the molding technique and subsequent ultraviolet curing. Compared with the master devices, the molded devices show minimal change in both physical shape and optical performance. This correspondence indicates the merits of soft lithographic methods for fabrication of precision integrated optical devices.

©2003 Optical Society of America

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Figures (5)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of fabrication processes. Generally, the UV curable polymer can be either the same material used for electron beam lithography or different ones.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Optical setup for transmission measurement.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Optical microscope image of microring optical resonator fabricated by soft lithography. The inset shows the detail of coupling region. The ring diameter is 200 µm, the waveguide width is 2µm, and the gap between the straight waveguide and the microring is 250 nm. Light from a He-Ne laser is input into the device for illustration only.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Schematic geometry for waveguide ring resonator coupling. The color plot is a finite-difference time-domain simulation of the coupling between the straight waveguide and the ring.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Comparison between the transmission spectra of master microring resonator optical filter and molded one.

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Equations (4)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

[ b 1 b 2 ] = [ t κ − κ * t * ] [ a 1 a 2 ] ,
∣ t ∣ 2 + ∣ κ ∣ 2 = 1 .
∣ b 1 a 1 ∣ 2 = α 2 + ∣ t ∣ 2 − 2 α ∣ t ∣ cos θ 1 + α 2 ∣ t ∣ 2 − 2 α ∣ t ∣ cos θ .
∣ b 1 a 1 ∣ 2 = ( α − ∣ t ∣ ) 2 ( 1 − α ∣ t ∣ ) 2 .
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