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Reducing complexity in computational imaging systems

Kenneth Kubala, Edward Dowski, and W. Thomas Cathey

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

Traditional methods of optical design trade optical system complexity for image quality. High quality imagers often require high system complexity. A new imaging methodology called Wavefront Coding uses aspheric optics and signal processing in order to reduce system complexity and deliver high quality imagery. An example in terms of a conformal IR imaging system is given.

©2003 Optical Society of America

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Figures (5)
Fig 1.
Fig 1. Wavefront coded imaging system

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. A Comparison of a two element traditional, a one element traditional and a one element Wavefront Coded conformal IR imaging system. (a) Two element design meets the performance specifications. (b) Single element traditional design does not meet the performance specifications due to the large amount of uncontrollable optical aberrations. (c) Single Element Wavefront Coded Design meets the performance specifications (blue MTF curves) by controlling the large amount of optical aberrations through the joint optimization of the optics and signal processing. The MTF curves shown in green are the MTFs before the application of signal processing. Images represent simulated off-axis imagery. MTFs represent performance across the image field.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. The PSFs from the two element traditional system (a), the single element traditional system (b), the single element Wavefront Coded conformal optical system before processing (c), and the single element Wavefront Coded conformal optical system after processing (d).

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. The Cosine Form Wavefront Coded surface from the design in Fig. 2 in mesh and contour plots. The peak-to-valley deviation from the best fit asphere is 25 µm.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. The spatially compact filter in the spatial domain (a) and in the frequency domain (b) used in the conformal imaging system.

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Equations (2)

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P ( r , θ ) = ∑ a i r bi cos ( w i θ + ϕ i ) , i = 1 , 2 , . . . . , N
NG = [ 1 MN ∑ u = 0 M − 1 ∑ v = 0 N − 1 ∣ F ( u , v ) ∣ 2 ] 1 2
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