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Holographic spatial walk-off polarizer and its application to a 4-port polarization-independent optical circulator

Jing-Heng Chen, Der-Chin Su, and Jung-Chieh Su

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Abstract

Based on the coupled-wave theory, a holographic spatial walk-off polarizer (HSWP) is designed. This HSWP is a transmission-type phase volume holographic grating on a substrate and its optical recording geometry can be derived from Chen’s corrected methodology with a desired reconstruction condition. A pair of fabricated HSWPs with the splitting angle of 60° is applied to assemble a new type of 4-port polarization-independent optical circulator. The operating principles and the characteristics of the proposed HSWP and the prototype optical circulator are discussed.

©2003 Optical Society of America

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Figures (4)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Structure and operation principle of the holographic spatial walk-off polarizer.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Geometry for recording and reconstruction the transmission-type phase volume holographic grating considering the thickness and refractive index shifts after optical exposure and post-processing.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Structure and operation principles of the proposed 4-port polarization independent optical circulator.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Calculated diffraction efficiencies of the HSWP versus wavelength at 1300nm central wavelength.

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Tables (1)

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Table 1. Associated losses and isolationa (in Decibels) of 4-port circulator with wavelength 1300nm by using (a) fabricated HSWPs; and (b) HSWPs with ideal diffraction efficiencies ηs<1% and ηp>99% and predicted anti-reflection coatings.

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Equations (6)

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η s = sin 2 [ π n 1 d λ r 1 ( cos θ d ) 1 2 ] = sin 2 υ s ,
η p = sin 2 [ π n 1 d λ r 1 ( cos θ d ) 1 2 cos θ d ]
= sin 2 ( υ s cos θ d ) = sin 2 υ p .
η i = sin 2 ( v i 2 + ξ 2 ) ( 1 + ξ 2 v i 2 ) ( i = s , p ) ,
ξ = − Δ λ K 2 d 8 π n f 2 cos θ d ,
K = ( 4 π n f 2 λ r ) · sin θ d 2 .
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