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Analysis of hybrid photonic crystal vertical cavity surface emitting lasers

Haroldo T. Hattori, Xavier Letartre, Christian Seassal, Pedro Rojo-Romeo, Jean L. Leclercq, and Pierre Viktorovitch

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

Vertical resonators with a top mirror constituted of 1D photonic crystal membrane on top of a Bragg stack are investigated in this paper. These structures allow the fabrication of compact vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, which can be designed, in addition, for in-plane emission. With this hybrid approach, fabrication problems related to both classical VCSEL and Photonic Crystal lasers may be significantly relaxed, given that a full Bragg stack is replaced by a single photonic crystal membrane and that the Photonic Crystal is not formed in the active gain layer.

©2003 Optical Society of America

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Figures (6)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Basic laser structure

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Electric field distribution (based upon TMM) at resonance for no lateral losses. In case (a), h 2=3λp /4 and in (b), h 2=2.94λp /4.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Electric field in the active layer (based upon TMM) at resonance versus lateral escape time(a). Resonance lifetime as a function of lateral escape time (b).

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Band diagram (a) and reflectivity spectrum (b) for the designed PCM. Electric field distribution, at resonance, for the laser structure (c).

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Electric field spectrum at a point in the air gap (a). Electric field distribution at resonance for h 2=3λp /4(b).

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Electric field spectrum at a point in the air gap (a). Electric field distribution at resonance for h 2=2.94λp /4.

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