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Dynamics of femtosecond laser-induced breakdown in water from femtoseconds to microseconds

Chris B. Schaffer, Nozomi Nishimura, Eli N. Glezer, Albert M.-T. Kim, and Eric Mazur

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

Using time-resolved imaging and scattering techniques, we directly and indirectly monitor the breakdown dynamics induced in water by femtosecond laser pulses over eight orders of magnitude in time. We resolve, for the first time, the picosecond plasma dynamics and observe a 20 ps delay before the laser-produced plasma expands. We attribute this delay to the electron-ion energy transfer time.

©2002 Optical Society of America

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Supplementary Material (1)

Media 1: MOV (2438 KB)     

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Figures (5)
Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Time-resolved imaging setup for observing the dynamics of laser-induced breakdown. A time-delayed probe pulse illuminates the dynamics induced by the femtosecond pulse. The objective used to focus the femtosecond pulse images the dynamics onto a CCD camera.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Images of femtosecond laser-induced breakdown in water obtained for various time delays using the setup shown in Fig. 1. A corresponding quicktime movie shows the first 10 ns of expansion. One second of the movie shows 1 nanosecond of the dynamics. [Media 1]

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Evolution of the radius of the laser-produced plasma, pressure wave, and cavitation bubble as a function of time (● plasma/bubble radius, □ pressure wave).

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Time-resolved scattering setup. The directly transmitted probe beam is blocked so that only scattered probe light reaches the detector.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 Time-resolved scattering signal from femtosecond laser-induced breakdown in water. The scale on the right axis was calculated assuming the plasma density is always sufficiently high that the scattered intensity depends only on the cross-sectional area of the plasma. The imaged radius is then used to calibrate the scattering signal in the 100 ps to 1 ns region.

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