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Particle levitation and guidance in hollow-core photonic crystal fiber

F. Benabid, J. C. Knight, and P. St. J. Russell

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

We report the guidance of dry micron-sized dielectric particles in hollow core photonic crystal fiber. The particles were levitated in air and then coupled to the air-core of the fiber using an Argon ion laser beam operating at a wavelength of 514 nm. The diameter of the hollow core of the fiber is 20 μm. A laser power of 80 mW was sufficient to levitate a 5 μm diameter polystyrene sphere and guide it through a ∼150 mm long hollow-core crystal photonic fiber. The speed of the guided particle was measured to be around 1 cm/s.

©2002 Optical Society of America

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Supplementary Material (2)

Media 1: MPG (168 KB)     
Media 2: MPG (2290 KB)     

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Figures (8)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Experimental set-up of the particle levitation and guidance. See text for details.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. (a) The transmission spectrum of the HC-PCF used here for particle levitation. (b) The micrograph of the exit end of a ∼5 cm long HC-PCF as it is seen from a microscope.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. (a) The schematic of the particle levitation (b) The axial force as a function of the distance waist-particle. The power is 80 mW, the solid circle represent the experimental data.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. A sequence of a polystyrene particle (pointed out by an arrow) being levitated. The time spacing between consecutive frames is 67 ms, and each frame corresponds to a captured scene size of 2.5x2.5 mm2. The sequence is extracted from the movie (2.24 MB) (see fig. 5) of levitated particles and coupled to the fiber.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. (2.24 MB) video of real time particles levitation.

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Fig 6.
Fig 6. Calculated magnitude of the axial force (Fz ) and the gradient force (F grad) on 5 μm diameter polystyrene particle at the entrance of 20 μm hollow-core HC-PCF in function of the radial position of the sphere central position. The laser power is 80 mW and coupled to lowest-loss mode.

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Sequence of a polystyrene particle (pointed out by an arrow) being guided into HC-PCF. The time spacing between two consecutive frames is 67 ms. Each frame corresponds to a captured scene size of 0.9x0.9 mm2. The frames were extracted from the movie (176 KB).

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Fig 8.
Fig 8. (176 KB) video showing a polystyrene particle being guided in ∼1 mm section of the HC-PCF.

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Equations (6)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

d F z = n P 0 c I r z d A ,
m z ̈ = − m g − 6 π η air a z ˙ + F z ( z ) ,
I r z ≈ I 0 J 0 [ 2.4 r r co ] 2 e − α loss z ,
F z = P 0 c 128 π 5 a 6 3 λ 4 ( n 2 − 1 n 2 + 2 ) 2 1 0.846 r co 2 J 0 2 [ 2.405 r r co ]
F grad = − P 0 c π a 3 2 ( n 2 − 1 n 2 + 2 ) 4.81 0.846 r co 3 J 0 [ 2.405 r r co ] J 1 [ 2.405 r r co ]
k = − P 0 c π a 3 2 ( n 2 − 1 n 2 + 2 ) 2.4 0.846 r co 4
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