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Microdroplet identification and size measurement in sprays with lasing images

Ali Serpengüzel, Serkan Küçükşenel, and Richard K. Chang

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

Two-dimensional fluorescence and lasing images of a Rhodamine-6G doped water spray are observed with color photography. The lasing microdroplets are identified by their two reciprocal lasing spots. The microdroplet sizes are measured using the digitized images. The measured mean microdroplet diameter is 69.7 μm with a standard deviation of 23.1 μm. The measured microdroplet size distribution compares favorably with the normal Gaussian size distribution.

©2002 Optical Society of America

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Figures (9)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. The schematic of the equatorial plane of the microdroplet showing the focusing effect of the microdroplet with high intensity pump regions and the counter-propagating morphology dependent resonances. The pump input laser is shown in green, the fluorescing microdroplet is shown in yellow, and the counterpropagating and lasing MDR’s are shown in orange-red. The two high intensity spots in the illuminated and shadow side are indicated by green ellipses.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. The experimental setup used to image the spray. A laser sheet illuminates the spray emerging form the hollow-cone nozzle. The spray is imaged through a filter onto the camera.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. The experimentally obtained images of the single lasing microdroplets in the (a-c) four times and (b-d) two times magnified images of the Rhodamine-6G doped water spray. Notice the two reciprocal lasing spots corresponding to the two counter-propagating lasing beams. In Fig. 3 (f) there are two sets of perpendicular lasing modes.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Experimentally obtained (a) original image and (b) analyzed image of the lasing and fluorescing Rhodamine-6G doped water spray with two times magnification. The white box in (b) indicates the enlarged region shown in (c) and (d). Magnified region of the experimentally obtained (c) original image and (d) analyzed image of the lasing and fluorescing Rhodamine-6G doped water spray. A microdroplet is defined by a pair of reciprocal lasing spots.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Experimentally obtained (a) original image and (b) analyzed image of the lasing and fluorescing Rhodamine-6G doped water spray with two times magnification. The white box in (b) indicates the enlarged region shown in (c) and (d). Magnified region of the experimentally obtained (c) original image and (d) analyzed image of the lasing and fluorescing Rhodamine-6G doped water spray. A microdroplet is defined by a pair of reciprocal lasing spots.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Experimentally obtained (a) original image and (b) analyzed image of the lasing and fluorescing Rhodamine-6G doped water spray with two times magnification. The white box in (b) indicates the enlarged region shown in (c) and (d). Magnified region of the experimentally obtained (c) original image and (d) analyzed image of the lasing and fluorescing Rhodamine-6G doped water spray. A microdroplet is defined by a pair of reciprocal lasing spots.

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Experimentally obtained (a) original image and (b) analyzed image of the lasing and fluorescing Rhodamine-6G doped water spray with two times magnification. The white box in (b) indicates the enlarged region shown in (c) and (d). Magnified region of the experimentally obtained (c) original image and (d) analyzed image of the lasing and fluorescing Rhodamine-6G doped water spray. A microdroplet is defined by a pair of reciprocal lasing spots.

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Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. The histogram plot of the number of microdroplets and the respective normal Gaussian fit as a function of the microdroplet diameter.

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Fig. 9.
Fig. 9. The plot of the cumulative number of microdroplets and the respective normal Gaussian CDF as a function of the microdroplet diameter.

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Equations (2)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

p ( x ) = 1 σ 2 π exp ⁡ ( − 1 2 ( d − μ σ ) 2 ) .
F ( x ) = 1 σ 2 π ∫ − ∞ + ∞ exp ⁡ ( − 1 2 ( d − μ σ ) 2 ) dx .
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